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	<dc:identifier>FB-12007</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Carangaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Sphyraenidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Sphyraena</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Sphyraena lucasana Gill, 1863</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Hadař královský</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>King snake eel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Kuning-teravsabaangerjas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Lairón</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>王蛇鰻</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>王蛇鳗</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-05</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-09-22</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-69-5 (pbk).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3814&amp;speccode=12008'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=12008'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=12008'>Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30426&amp;speccode=12008'>Randolph, S. and M. Snyder0 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. (Ref. 30426)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=12008'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=12008'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=12008'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=12008'>IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=12008'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104826-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50429&amp;speccode=12008'>McCosker, J.E.0 Ophichthidae. Snake eels (shrimp eels, worm eels, and sand eels). p. 724-733. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 2: Bony fishes part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). (Ref. 50429)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51054&amp;speccode=12008'>Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a rybovití obratlovci (Pisces) II., nozdratí (Sarcopterygii), paprskoploutví (Actinopterygii) [chrupavčití (Chondrostei), kostnatí (Neopterygii): kostlíni (Semionotiformes) - bezostní (Clupeiformes)]. Národní muzeum (zoologické odděleí), Praha. (Ref. 51054)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=12008'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58018&amp;speccode=12008'>Bogutskaya, N.G.0 Preliminary assignment of coordinates to type localities in the Catalog of Fishes. Unpublished dbf file. (Ref. 58018)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=12008'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96293&amp;speccode=12008'>Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101776&amp;speccode=12008'>Charter, S.R.0 Ophichthidae:  Snake eels and worm eels. p. 93-99. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505p. (Ref. 101776)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=12008'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabits offshore water from 15-365 m depth.  Commonly caught by anglers near oil rigs.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=12008'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Grace Tolentino Pablico</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-01-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2005-01-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Very large, TL 2.4 m; dorsal fin origin well behind tip of pectoral fin; 14-15 dark olive-brown, saddle-shaped markings along back.  Dorsal and anal fins striped at bases, pectoral fin darker on dorsal half (Ref. 26938).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=12008'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-12008</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12008</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  northern Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Texas in USA.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=12008'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-12008</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest; gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83530'>IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12008&amp;StockCode=12334</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Oviparous (Ref. 101776).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101776&amp;speccode=12008'>Charter, S.R. 1996 Ophichthidae:  Snake eels and worm eels. p. 93-99. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505p. (Ref. 101776)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>211 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)); max. published weight: 23.6 kg (Ref. 40637)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=12008'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=12008'>IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12008</dc:source>
	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range ? - 64 m (Ref. 58018)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58018&amp;speccode=12008'>Bogutskaya, N.G. 2007 Preliminary assignment of coordinates to type localities in the Catalog of Fishes. Unpublished dbf file. (Ref. 58018)</reference></dataObject>
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