FB-11947 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11947 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acropomatiformes Malakichthyidae Malakichthys Malakichthys griseus Döderlein, 1883 Japanse vlinderrog Japanese butterfly ray Japanese butterflyray Japnese butterfly ray Jaapani liblikrai Pari kelelawar Pari lowo Tsubakuro ei Tsubakuro-ei Na-bi-ga-o-ri 나비가오리 Pari kelawar Pari tembikar Pari-kelawar hitam скат-бабочка японская Mazhmi-thirukkai தீருக்கன  மல்மி திருக்‍கை Cá Đuối bướm Nhật Bản Japanse vlinderrog Rì běn yàn hóng 日本燕魟 日本鳶魟 日本鸢魟 Gymmura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) Pteroplatea japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 1994-08-04 2008-09-22 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Masuda, H., C. Araga and T. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11948 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gyjap_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Gyjap_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-11948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-08-04 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11948 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabits sandy or muddy bottom in shallow waters (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic animals. Spines covered with skin with poisonous glands. Ovoviviparous. Used as 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637). Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets.Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Distribution-11948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-08-04 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11948 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the China seas. Possibly in Thailand (Ref. 9918). Reported from India (Ref. 45255). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Uses-11948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-08-04 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11948 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: bycatch FB-LifeCycle-11948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-08-04 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=11948&StockCode=12274 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to ~3 pups; born between 20-22 cm WD (Ref.58048). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-11948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-05-25 00:00:00 2001-05-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ japonica In sandy regions in coastal waters (Ref. 9137). A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Compagno, L.J.V. 1986 Dasyatidae. p. 135-142. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3263) FB-Size-11948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-08-04 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11948 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 637)) Masuda, H., C. Araga and T. Yoshino 1975 Coastal fishes of southern Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 382 p. (Ref. 637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-11948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-08-04 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11948 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; marine