FB-1165 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1165 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sciaenidae Bairdiella Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepède, 1802) Dorada Doirado Dourada Douradinha Safata Koce Kocja Spari kokëpraruar Ullorja Ajâj Aura Aurata Danees Denis Dora Dorade Gerraf Kgag Kjaj Quadjoudj ﺎﺗﺍﺭﻭﺃ Laurata Urata Merfog eurben Guldbrasen Væbnerfisk Dorade Dorade Royal Gemeine Goldbrasse Goldbrasse Goldkopf Gilt head Gilt head bream Gilthead Gilthead bream Gilt-head bream Gilthead seabream Gilt-head seabream Silver seabream Snapper Kuld-merikoger Kultaotsa-ahven Daurade Daurade royale Dorade Dorade royale דניס Dinigla Komarča Lovrata Orada Ovrata Podlanica Arata Aurat Aurata Aurate Bannicella Canina Carina Laurate Oà Orada Orae de la corona Oraela Orata Orate Uà Urara Tamure Awrata Denci awrata Dorata Orata Пагр розовый (=люциан австралийский) Дорада (=аурата) Komarca Ovrata Guldsparid Guldbraxen Kanuping Alyanak balığı Cipura Çipura Çipura balığı Waragne Chaparreta Dorada Dorada del Pacífico Dourada Zapata morisca Doradă Goud brasem Goudbrasem N'tad Orada Ovrata Tsipoura Tsipoúra Καμπανάρα Κότσα Κοτσί Λίγδα Μαρίδα Τσιπούρα Χρυσόφα 絲&#55399;&#56728; 金头鲷 金頭鯛 金鯛 金鲷 Aurata aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysophrys aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysophrys aurathus (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysophrys auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysophrys crassirostris Valenciennes, 1830 Pagrus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pagrus auratus (non Forster, 1801) Sparus auratus Linnaeus, 1758 1990-10-17 2024-01-22 Coppola, S.R., W. 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(Ref. 138174) FB-pic-1164-10208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1993-07-01 1997-05-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spaur_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Spaur_u0.gif FB-pic-1164-14810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-05-29 1997-05-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spaur_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Spaur_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-03 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Found in seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, they often occur in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feed on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture. Utilized fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9987). Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau 1990 Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-01-30 00:00:00 2001-01-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 Body tall, with large black spot on the gill cover. Snout more than twice as long as the eye diameter (Ref. 35388). Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Morphology-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-01-30 00:00:00 2001-01-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 14; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11 - 12 Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Distribution-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2023-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 Eastern Atlantic: British Isles, Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Verde and around the Canary Islands; also in the Mediterranean (Ref. 3688). Reported from the Black Sea (Ref. 12781). Reports from New Zealand refer to Pagrus auratus (Foster 1801) (Ref. 5755, 9258). Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau 1990 Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688) FB-Uses-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-03 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-LifeCycle-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1164&StockCode=1180 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Males become females at about 3 years of age (Ref. 2715, 28504). Protandric hermaphrodite species, maturing first as male (during the first or second year of age) and after the second or third year of age, as female. Spawning happens generally from October to December, with sequenced spawning during the whole period. Incubation lasts about 2 days at 16-1 7°C. Larval stages last about 50 days at 1 7.5°C or about 43days at 20°C. Egg size 0.9-1.1 mm, larval length at hatching 2.5-3.0 mm. Simultaneous hermaphroditism is suggested for this species (Ref. 103751). Bauchot, M.-L., J.-C. Hureau and J.C. Miguel 1981 Sparidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic. (Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part)). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2715) FB-TrophicStrategy-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-09-01 00:00:00 2014-04-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public aurata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, often occurs in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feeds on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture. Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly 1989 A multiple regression model for predicting the food consumption of marine fish populations. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 40(3):259-273. FB-Size-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-03 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 35388)); max. published weight: 17.2 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 14 years (Ref. 138174) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Aydin, M. 2018 Maximum length and age report of <i>Sparus aurata</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Black Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyol. 34(4):964-966. (Ref. 138174) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1164-57 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-03 00:00:00 2004-03-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1164&StockCode=1180 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases Lannan, C.N., J.L. Batholomew and J.L. Fryer 1999 Chlamydial infections of fish: Epitheliocystis. p.255-267. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections. CABI Int'l. (Ref. 48851) FB-Habitat-1164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-03 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1164 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 150 m (Ref. 35388), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 54890) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Lloris, D. 2005 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Sparus aurata. Retrieved on 08 July 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=2384. 3p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54890)