FB-1160 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Sparisoma Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes, 1840) Bodião Budião Budião-batata Budião-papagaio Budião-sabonete Budião-tucano Budião-verde Budião-vermelho Gudião Papagaio Blisterside Blue black-finned chub Blue parrotfish Kwab Pink kwab Pink parrot Redtail parrotfish Perroquet vert Munaten-budai Jabón Lora Loro Loro azul Loro colirrojo Loro verde Vieja colorada 紅尾鸚鯛 紅鸚鯛 红尾鹦鲷 红鹦鲷 黃鸚鯛 黄鹦鲷 Scarus brachialis Poey, 1861 Scarus chrysopoma Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Scarus chrysopterus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Scarus flavescens Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Scarus squalidus Poey, 1860 Sparisoma abildgaardi (Bloch, 1791) Sparisoma brachiale (Poey, 1861) Sparisoma chrysopterus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Sparisoma squalidum (Poey, 1860) Sparus abildgaardi Bloch, 1791 1990-10-17 2013-07-18 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312) Randall, J.E.0 Tagging reef fishes in the Virgin Islands. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 14:201-241. (Ref. 716) Reeson, P.H.0 The biology, ecology and bionomics of the parrotfishes, Scaridae. p. 166-177. In J.L. Munro (ed.) Caribbean coral reef fishery resources.ICLARM Stud. Rev. 7. (Ref. 3191) Gobert, B.0 Relative production of coastal fisheries in Martinique. Aquat. Living Resour. 3:181-191. (Ref. 3229) Randall, J.E.0 Scaridae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 4. pag.var. (Ref. 3802) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez0 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin0 Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. 2nd edition. University of Texas Press, Austin. (Ref. 5521) Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer0 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Bohnsack, J.A. and D.E. Harper0 Length-weight relationships of selected marine reef fishes from the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFC-215:31 p. (Ref. 6937) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Menezes, N.A. and J.L. Figueiredo0 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. V.Teleostei (4). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. 105 p. (Ref. 9062) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Humann, P.0 Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida. 426 p. (Ref. 9761) Claro, R. and J.P. García-Arteaga0 Crecimiento. p.321-402. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanologia Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo (CIQRO), México. (Ref. 11824) Sadovy, Y.0 A preliminary assessment of the marine aquarium export trade in Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam, Vol. 2, p. 1014-1021. (Ref. 12090) Santos, E.P.0 Nossos peixes marinhos. (Vida e costume dos peixes do Brasil). Editora Itatiaia Limitada, Brazil. 265 p. (Ref. 13326) Randall, J.E.0 Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. (Ref. 13442) Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.)0 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) Sánchez, A.C.0 Listado taxonomico de las especies marinas identificadas en los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico (Caribe) de Nicaragua. Ministerio de Economía y Desarrollo. MEDE PESCA. Managua. 28 p. (Ref. 13613) Cervigón, F.0 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) Ogden, J.C., J.A. Yntema and I. Clavijo0 An annotated list of the fishes of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Spec. Publ. No. 3. (Ref. 26180) Bouchon-Navaro, Y. and M. Louis0 Les poissons des formations corallienes de la Martinique. Ann. Inst. Océanogr., Paris 62(2):251-270. (Ref. 26252) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Claro, R.0 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) García-Cagide, A., R. Claro and B.V. Koshelev0 Reproducción. p. 187-262. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Inst. Oceanol. Acad. Cienc. Cuba. and Cen. Invest. Quintana Roo (CIQRO) México. (Ref. 26409) Lowe-McConnell, R.H.0 The fishes of the British Guiana continental shelf, Atlantic coast of South America, with notes on their natural history. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. (London) 44(301):667-700. (Ref. 26819) Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) Austin, H. and S. Austin0 The feeding habits of some juvenile marine fishes from the mangroves in western Puerto Rico. Caribb. J. Sci. 11(3-4):171-178. (Ref. 26987) Butsch, R.S.0 A list of Barbadian fishes. J.B.M.H.S. 7(1):17-31. (Ref. 27295) Silva, M.0 Especies identificadas en las pesquerias costeras artesanales del Suroeste de la Republica Dominica. Reportes del Propescar-Sur: contribuciones al conocimiento de las pesquerías en la República Dominicana. Vol. 1, 47p. (Ref. 27620) Robertson, D.R. and R.R. Warner0 Sexual patterns in the labroid fishes of the western Caribbean II: the parrotfishes (Scaridae). Smith. Contr. Zool. 255:1-26. (Ref. 27876) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Pollnac, R.B.0 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of Discovery Bay. p. 141-199. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM 1445. (Ref. 35141) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Moura, R.L., J.L. de Figueiredo and I. Sazima0 A new parrotfish (Scaridae) from Brazil, and revalidation of <i>Sparisoma amplum</i> (Ranzani, 1842), <i>Sparisoma frondosum</i> (Agassiz, 1831), <i>Sparisoma axillare</i> (Steindachner, 1878) and <i>Scarus trispinosus</i> Valenciennes, 1840. Bull. Mar. Sci. 68(3):505-524. (Ref. 40827) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Szpilman, M.0 Peixes marinhos do Brasil: guia prático de identificação. Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Ecológico Aqualung. 288 p. (Ref. 42071) Suzuki, C.R.0 Guia de peixes do litoral brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Edições Marítimas. 394 p. (Ref. 42072) Mumby, P.J. and C.C.C. Wabnitz0 Spatial patterns of aggression, territory size, and harem size in five sympatric Caribbean parrotfish species. Environ. Biol. Fishes 63:265-279. (Ref. 45412) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Caballero, J.A. and J. Schmitter-Soto0 Diversity of fishes in small coral patches of the Mexican Caribbean. Bull. Mar. Sci. 68(2):337-342. (Ref. 49651) Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus0 An annotated key to the teleost fishes of Puerto Rico. Compendio Enciclopedico de los Recursos Nat. 5:1-191. (Ref. 50307) Matos-Caraballo, D.0 Comparison of size of capture of the parrotfishes <i>Sparisoma viride</i> and <i>Sparisoma chrysopterum</i> in Puerto Rico using traps and entanglement nets during 1988-1992. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 46:299-308. (Ref. 50531) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of January 2004. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in January 2004. (Ref. 50838) Nahím, H.R. and F. Cervigón0 Peces del archipiélago Los Roques. Agencia Española de Cooperacíon Internacional. 304 p. (Ref. 51848) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Westneat, M.W.0 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 1723-1739. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 52834) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar0 Atlas pesquero del area norte del Mar Caribe de Colombia. Universidad del Magadalena, Santa Marta. 230 p. (Ref. 56479) Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in Bocas del Toro (Caribbean, Panamá): Gradients in habitat complexity and exposure. Caribbean J. Sci. 41(3):613-637. (Ref. 57616) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bouchon-Navaro, Y., C. Bouchon, D. Kopp and M. Louis0 Weight-length relationships for 50 fish species collected in seagrass beds of the Lesser Antilles. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:322-324. (Ref. 59090) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Belize Tropical Research and Education Center0 Species lists. https://www.belizemarinetrec.com/links/ [Accessed 27/03/2025]. (Ref. 87232) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Robertson, D.R., F. Karg, R.L. de Moura, B.C. Victor and G. Bernardi0 Mechanisms of speciation and faunal enrichment in Atlantic parrotWshes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2006) xxx-xxx (Ref. 101637) Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y. and M. Liu0 Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts. Fish Fish. 9(1):1-43. (Ref. 103751) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-1159-2532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-16 1996-11-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spchr_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Spchr_u1.jpg FB-pic-1159-2637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 1996-12-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology (size: approx.) http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spchr_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Spchr_u3.jpg FB-pic-1159-2638 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 1996-11-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spchr_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Spchr_u4.jpg FB-pic-1159-2639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spchr_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Spchr_m0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 1997-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Occurs in coral reefs and adjacent habitats, the young especially in seagrass beds. Juveniles or primary-phase adults rapidly assume a mottled pattern with which they blend with the substratum when they come to rest on the bottom. Feeds on benthic algae and seagrasses. Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Young adults with black saddle-shaped markings at upper end of pectoral fin base; often vague, pale saddle-shaped area on top of caudal peduncle; and dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins red or orange (Ref. 26938). Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Morphology-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Distribution-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Western Atlantic: Caribbean Sea. Robertson, D.R., F. Karg, R.L. de Moura, B.C. Victor and G. Bernardi 2006 Mechanisms of speciation and faunal enrichment in Atlantic parrotWshes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2006) xxx-xxx (Ref. 101637) FB-Uses-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 1997-12-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. FB-LifeCycle-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 1997-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1159&StockCode=1175 Although protogyny was propossed for this species (Ref. 27876), probably because testicular characteristics showed a secondary characteristic of sex-changed males, observations of overlapping size ranges of males and females, and males maturing at the same ages and sizes as did females, strongly suggest gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y. and M. Liu 2008 Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts. Fish Fish. 9(1):1-43. (Ref. 103751) FB-TrophicStrategy-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-07 00:00:00 2007-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ chrysopterum Occurs in coral reefs and adjacent habitats, the young especially in seagrass beds. Juveniles or primary-phase adults rapidly assume a mottled pattern with which they blend with the substratum when they come to rest on the bottom. Feeds on benthic algae and seagrasses. Herbivore (Ref. 33499, 57616). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 1997-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 46.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 1997-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1159 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 15 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)