FB-1158 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1158 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Sparisoma Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes, 1840) Skarus wetula Kone-papegøjefisk Blownose Blue chub Blue parrot Blue parrotfish Blueman Joblin crow parrot Moontail Okra peji Queen parrotfish Queen Parrotfish Scarld Slimy head Perroquet périco Jabón Loro cotorra Loro perico Loro reina Gutu berdè 皇后鸚嘴魚 皇后鹦嘴鱼 1990-10-17 2013-07-18 Randall, J.E.0 Caribbean reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., The British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. 318 p. (Ref. 32) Randall, J.E.0 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312) Randall, J.E.0 Tagging reef fishes in the Virgin Islands. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 14:201-241. (Ref. 716) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. (Ref. 2209) Randall, J.E.0 Scaridae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 4. pag.var. (Ref. 3802) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. 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Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) FB-pic-1157-2013 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1994-12-27 2002-09-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scvet_f0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scvet_f0.jpg FB-pic-1157-2014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1994-12-27 2002-09-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scvet_m1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scvet_m1.jpg FB-pic-1157-2530 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-16 1996-11-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scvet_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scvet_u2.jpg FB-pic-1157-2634 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 1999-08-02 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Scvet_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Scvet_m0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2015-06-09 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Inhabits coral reefs and adjacent habitats. Feeds on algae scraped from rocks or dead coral. Sleeps in a mucus cocoon (Ref. 9710). Often seen in groups of one super male with several young adults, most of which are probably females (Ref. 26938). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2001-04-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Young adults of both sexes dark gray overall, with broad white stripe slightly below mid-side. Super males have upper pectoral fin margin and upper and lower margins of tail dusky with submarginal band of brownish orange (Ref. 26938). Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Morphology-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2001-04-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Distribution-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Western Central Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), and Bahamas to northern South America; throughout the Caribbean Sea. Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Uses-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2015-06-09 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. FB-LifeCycle-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2015-06-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1157&StockCode=1173 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Forms permanent harem groups composed of a single male and several smaller females (Ref. 55367). A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 25.2 cm TL (Ref. 55367). Robertson, D.R. and R.R. Warner 1978 Sexual patterns in the labroid fishes of the western Caribbean II: the parrotfishes (Scaridae). Smith. Contr. Zool. 255:1-26. (Ref. 27876) FB-TrophicStrategy-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-07 00:00:00 2007-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public vetula http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits coral reefs and adjacent habitats. Feeds on algae scraped from rocks or dead coral. Sleeps in a mucus cocoon (Ref. 9710). Often seen in groups of one super male with several young adults, most of which are probably females (Ref. 26938). Herbivore (Ref. 57616). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) FB-Size-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2015-06-09 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 61.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2015-06-09 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1157 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; marine; depth range 3 - 25 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)