FB-1118 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Pomacanthidae Pomacanthus Pomacanthus paru (Bloch, 1787) Ustniczek francuzik Enxada Frade Gordinho Jandaia Mercador Paru-preto Paru Paru-beija-moça Paru-bordado Paru-da-pedra Parú-da-pedra Paru-dourado Paru-frade Paru-listrado Parumbeba Parum-dourado Peixe-frade Perambeba Sambuio Grå kejserfisk Großflossen-Kaiserfisch Angelfish Gray angelfish Gray Angelfish Grey angelfish Pot cover Hall ingelkala Demoiselle blanche Nezumi-yakko рыба-ангел серая Svart Kejsarfisk Cachama blanca Chivirica gris Gallineta café Guinea Isabelita Isabelita blanca Manai oscuro Francoski cesarček Palanache Apolemichthys arcuatus (non Gray, 1831) Chaetodon arcuatus Linnaeus, 1758 Chaetodon littoricola Poey, 1868 Chaetodon lutescens Bonnaterre, 1788 Chaetodon quinquecinctus Cuvier, 1829 Chetodon lutescens Bonnaterre, 1788 Holacanthus arcuatus (non Gray, 1831) Pomacanthus baltcatus Cuvier, 1831 Pomacanthus balteatus Cuvier, 1831 Pomacanthus cingulatus Cuvier, 1831 Pomacanthus cinquecinctus Cuvier, 1829 1990-10-17 2022-10-20 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux0 Mesophotic fishes of the Abrolhos Shelf, the largest reef ecosystem in the South Atlantic. J. Fish Biol. 89:990-1001. (Ref. 126840) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1117-2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-17 1996-11-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poarc_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poarc_j0.jpg FB-pic-1117-2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-17 2010-12-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Poarc_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Poarc_u1.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. Common in coral reefs, usually solitary, occasionally in pairs. Juveniles are part-time cleaners. Feed mainly on sponges, but also takes tunicates, algae, zoantharians, gorgonians, hydroids, bryozoans, and seagrasses. Oviparous (Ref. 240). Monogamous and always in home-ranging pairs, that is they do not defend an exclusive territory (Ref. 52884). Flesh reported to be of excellent quality (Ref. 3797); marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). Friendly toward divers (Ref. 9710). Have been reared in captivity (Ref. 35419). Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2001-03-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Pale gray around mouth, and pale gray margin on caudal fin. Inside of pectoral fin yellow (Ref. 26938). Juveniles are black with two light yellow bars on body and three on head; caudal fin yellow with a vertically elongate, nearly rectangular or hemispherical black spot in middle (Ref. 13442). Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Morphology-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2001-03-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 31 - 33; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 23 - 25 Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Distribution-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-04-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Western Atlantic: New England, USA to the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Ref. 26938). Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Uses-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-LifeCycle-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1117&StockCode=1133 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884). Thresher, R.E. 1984 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) FB-TrophicStrategy-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-06 00:00:00 2022-08-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public arcuatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Common in coral reefs. Feed mainly on sponges, but also takes tunicates, algae, zoantharians, gorgonians, hydroids, bryozoans, and seagrasses. Omnivore (Ref. 57616). Sessile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3797)); max. published weight: 1,830 g (Ref. 40637) Burgess, W.E. 1978 Pomacanthidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3797) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1117 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 2 - 60 m (Ref. 9626) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Cervigón, F. 1993 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)