FB-11050 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Galaxiiformes Galaxiidae Galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Castelnau, 1861) Kaapse Galaxias Kaapse-Galaxias Kap-laksegedde Berghechtling Kap-Galaxias Kap-Hechtling Cape Galaxias Sebragalaks Seeprameltti 非洲南乳魚 非洲南乳鱼 Agalaxis punctifer (Castelnau, 1861) Agalaxis zebratus (Castelnau, 1861) Cobitis punctifer Castelnau, 1861 Cobitis zebrata Castelnau, 1861 Galaxias africanus Weber, 1896 Galaxias capensis Steindachner, 1894 Galaxias dubius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1917 Galaxias punctifer (Castelnau, 1861) Paragalaxias zebratus (Castelnau, 1861) 1994-06-18 2024-01-15 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Castelnau, F. (ed.)0 Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe. J.-B. Baillière et fils, Paris. 78 p. (Ref. 1904) Boulenger, G.A.0 Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III. Printed by order of the Trustees, London. 526 p. (Ref. 2989) McDowall, R.M.0 Galaxiidae. p. 126-127. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3563) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Bruton, M.N., P.B.N. Jackson and P.H. Skelton0 Pocket guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Centaur Publishers, p.88. (Ref. 5214) Weber, M.0 Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Süd-Afrika. I. Zur Kenntnis der Süsswasser-Fauna von Süd-Afrika. Zool. Jb. 10(2):135-200. (Ref. 6460) Jubb, R.A.0 Freshwater fishes of the Cape Province. Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. 4:1-72, fig. 1-41, pl. I-XVII. (Ref. 6461) Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Baillie, J. and B. Groombridge (eds.)0 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 378 p. (Ref. 12255) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien Atlas. Band 4. Mergus Verlag GmbH, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Melle, Germany. 864 p. (Ref. 12468) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Skelton, P.H.0 Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa. p.95-131. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. 275. (Ref. 13332) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Waters, J.M. and J.A. Cambray0 Intraspecific phylogeography of the Cape galaxias from South Africa: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences. J. Fish Biol. 50(6):1329-1338. (Ref. 32965) Pen, L.J. and I.C. Potter0 Biology of the western minnow, <i>Galaxias occidentalis</i> Ogilby (Teleostei: Galaxiidae), in a south-western Australian river. 1. Reproductive biology. Hydrobiologia 211(2):77-88. (Ref. 33843) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Jubb, R.A.0 A revised list of the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. 3:5-39. (Ref. 41543) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) Gilchrist, J.D.F. and W.W. Thompson0 The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa (continued). Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 11(6):465-579. (Ref. 54167) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Cambray, J.0 Südafrikanischer Kap-Hechtling. Kleiner Fisch mit ungewisser Zukunft. D.A.T.Z. 51(9):571-575. (Ref. 93588) Wishart, M., J. Hughes, B. Stewart and D. Impson0 Extreme levels of intra-specific divergence among Cape Peninsula populations of the Cape galaxias, <i>Galaxias zebratus</i> Castelnau 1861, reveals a possible species complex. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. 31(1):99-106. (Ref. 93589) Schulz, R. and J.M. Dabrowski0 Combined effects of predatory fish and sublethal pesticide contamination on the behavior and mortality of mayfly nymphs. Env. Toxicol. Chem. 20(11):2537-2543. (Ref. 93590) Harrison, A.C.0 Cape galaxias. Piscator 22:50-54. (Ref. 93591) Barnard, K.H.0 Revision of the indigenous freshwater fishes of the S.W. Cape region. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 36(2):101-262. (Ref. 93592) Steindachner, F.0 Ichthyologische Beiträge (XVII.). Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 103(1-9):443-464. (Ref. 93595) Smith, J.L.B.0 Fresh-water fishes of eastern Cape Province. p. 119-141. In J. Hewitt (ed.), A guide to the vertebrate fauna of the eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Part II. Reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Albany Museum, Grahamstown (South Africa). 141 p. (Ref. 93596) Woodford, D.J. and N.D. Impson0 A preliminary assessment of the impact of alien rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) on indigenous fishes of the upper Berg River, Western Cape province, South Africa. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. 29(1):107-111. (Ref. 93597) Swartz, E., D. Impson and J. Cambray0 <i>Galaxias zebratus</i>. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 07 June 2013. (Ref. 93601) Regan, C.T.0 A revision of the fishes of the family Galaxiidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2:363-384. (Ref. 93785) Cambray, J.A., A. Bok and R. Smith0 Range extensions for <i>Galaxias zebratus</i> Castelnau, 1861 (Galaxiidae), Krom and Gamtoos river systems, Eastern Cape. S. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. 21(1/2):99-102. (Ref. 93786) McDowall, R.M.0 The status of the South African galaxiid (Pisces, Galaxiidae). Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist. 9(5):91-101. (Ref. 93822) Moore, A.B.M., R.T.D. Ward and R. Peirce0 Sharks of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf: a first annotated checklist (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii). Zootaxa 3167:1-16. (Ref. 95390) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-06-18 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution May penetrate some distance inland and is widespread in lakes and rivers (Ref. 3563), which may be either acid (pH 5-6,5) or alkaline (pH 8-9) (Ref. 93592, 93822). Prefers gentle currents within shelter of banks near the head of pools (Ref. 3563, 52193). Small but extremely hardy, they are known to tolerate a wide range of water and temperature conditions (Ref. 5214, 6164, 52193, 93591, 93592). Feeds on small drifting invertebrates (Ref. 7248, 52193). Spawning period occurs in spring up to middle of summer (Ref. 5214, 33843, 52193), depending on the conditions (Ref. 52193). Ripe eggs are demersal, relatively large and numbering about 30-40 (Ref. 93592). Their small size and cryptic color enable them to avoid predators (Ref. 52193). Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) FB-DiagnosticDescr-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Dimitri Geelhand 2013-06-04 00:00:00 2013-07-02 16:44:23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 Diagnosis: body slender and cylindrical, without scales; dorsal fin placed far back over anal fin; caudal fin truncated; mouth terminal, jaws with teeth; large eyes; internal organs visible in live specimens (Ref. 52193). Loss of two laterosensory pores beneath the lower jaw; elongate caudal peduncle (Ref. 93822). Description: snout rounded, as long as or little shorter than eye (Ref. 2989, 54167). Body depth 4.6-7.0x and head length 3.5-5.0x TL (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93595, 93596, 93785). Dorsal fin insertion 59,3-67,0% of SL; length of caudal peduncle is 17,8-23,1% of SL (Ref. 93822). Eye of moderate size, set high and well forward in head; interorbital more or less flat (Ref. 93822). Teeth on jaws subequal (Ref. 54167, 93596, 93785), delicate, pointy and uniserial (Ref. 6461, 93595). Teeth on entopterygoid short, pointy and uniserial (Ref. 6461, 93595) and on tongue margin large and recurved in double row (Ref. 6461). No distinct enlarged canines (Ref. 93785, 93822). Jaws equal anteriorly (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93785). Maxillary extending to below anterior border (Ref. 2989) or anterior fourth of eye (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93785). Lower jaw may slightly project (Ref. 54167, 93596). Dorsal-fin: 9-11 (Ref. 93822), 10-12 (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93596, 93785) or 11-13 (Ref. 5214, 6461, 52193) rays. Dorsal fin well forward in SL; distal margin rounded (Ref. 93822). Anal fin: 9-12 (Ref. 93785), 9-13 (Ref. 93822), 10-12 (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93596) or 11-14 (Ref. 5214, 6461, 52193, 54167). Anal fin distal margin rounded (Ref. 93822). Pelvic fin: 6 (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93595, 93785, 93822) to 7 (Ref. 93595, 93822) rays. Pelvic fins inserted at midpoint of SL; pelvic-anal interval quite short; fins small (Ref. 93822). Pectoral fin: 14-17 rays; short and fan shaped (Ref. 93822). Pelvic fins: 6-7 rays (Ref. 93822). Caudal fin: 13-15 rays; long; peduncle flanges low but extending well along peduncle towards bases of dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 93822). Gill rakers short (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93822). On upper limb 2-3 (Ref. 6461) and on lower limb 9-10 (Ref. 6461) or 8 (Ref. 2989, 54167, 93785) gill rakers. Vertebrae: 39-41 (Ref. 6461) or 36-42 (Ref. 93822).Coloration: semi-transparent, due to complete absence of scales; degree of pigmentation largely affected by general colour of stream or lake bottom (Ref. 93591, 93592). Body with or without darker blotches or bars on sides and back (Ref. 52193). Belly lighter (Ref. 1904, 54167). Vertebrae, red gills, heart and silvery lining of body cavity showing through (Ref. 5214, 6461, 52193, 93591). Adults males usually darker in colour than females (Ref. 93592). Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) FB-Morphology-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Dimitri Geelhand 2013-06-04 00:00:00 2013-07-02 16:44:23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 13; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 9 - 14; Vertebrae: 36 - 42 Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) FB-Distribution-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-06-18 00:00:00 2021-04-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 Africa: endemic to South Africa, occurs in Cape coastal streams and rivers from the Krom and upper Gamtoos River systems (south coast) to the Clanwilliam Olifants system (west coast)(Ref. 32965, 52193, 93589, 93786). Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) FB-Uses-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-06-18 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) FB-LifeCycle-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-06-18 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=11050&StockCode=11374 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Breeding occurs in spring or summer depending on local conditions (Ref. 52193). Galaxias zebratus does not migrate to the sea for breeding purposes (Ref. 41543, 93592). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-02-06 00:00:00 2013-07-02 16:08:57 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Robbie N. Cada General public zebratus Occurs mostly in coastal and lowland areas but may penetrate some distance inland (Ref. 32965). Occurs in both clear and brown-stained waters (Ref. 93592, 93822). Widespread in lakes and rivers (Ref. 3563), which may be either acid (pH 5-6,5) or alkaline (pH 8-9) (Ref. 93592, 93822). Occurs in flowing or standing waters but favours gentle currents within shelter of banks near the head of pools (Ref. 3563, 52193). Extremely hardy fish that occupies a wide range of habitats and that is able to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions (Ref. 5214, 6164, 52193, 93591, 93592). Feeds on small drifting invertebrates (Ref. 52193). Their small size and cryptic color enable them to avoid predators (Ref. 52193). Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) FB-Size-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-06-18 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 7.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 52193)) Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-11050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-06-18 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11050 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology benthopelagic; freshwater