FB-10124 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Beloniformes Belonidae Xenentodon Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) Kokila Kaikka Kakila Kakiya Kankely কাইক্কা কাকিলা Sydasiatisk halvgedde Süßwasser-Hornhecht Asian needlefish Freshwater garfish Gar Silver needlefish Stickfish Intiannokkakala Kokkare Konti Chowkli Kolaan കോലാന് Kutramasa Tokali Chuche bam Kabali Kauwa Kauwo Sui सुई Kokkumeen Vellai mooral கொக்கு மீன் வெள்‍ளை மூரல் Pla katung heo Pla katung heo mueng Pla katung heow Pla katung heow mueng ปลากะทุงเหว ปลากะทุงเหวเมือง Cá nhói Ngachek lawbi Pa kathong Pa katong Phtong Trey phtaung Trey phtoung Yonna 异齿颌针鱼 異齒頜針魚 Belone cancila (Hamilton, 1822) Belone graii Sykes, 1839 Esox cancila Hamilton, 1822 Esox hindostanicus Falconer, 1868 Esox indica McClelland, 1842 Xenenthodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) Xenentodon canciloides (non Bleeker, 1854) 1994-05-11 2020-01-02 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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Liew0 The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins. Raffles Bull. Zool. 71:128-168. (Ref. 129032) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-05-11 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Adults occur primarily in rivers (Ref. 4833); also in ponds, canals, beels, and inundated fields (Ref. 1479). Often found in slow-flowing pools in rivers with a rock or sand substrate (Ref. 6028). They inhabit large and medium-sized rivers with adults occurring in areas that lack floating vegetation (Ref. 12693). A solitary species that swims in midwater, usually against the current, and is capable of bursts of speed, especially when in pursuit of its prey. Observed to feed exclusively on crustaceans in the wild; but take live fish only when in an aquarium (Ref. 6028). Also feeds on small fishes and insects (Ref. 12693). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). This fish is capable of nipping the fingers or killing a person by leaping at them at great speed (Ref. 6028; Kullander (pers. comm., 2001), however, suggests that the "killing a person" statement may be exaggerated). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693). Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833) FB-DiagnosticDescr-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-14 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Body very elongate and slightly compressed. Dorsal fin inserted usually anterior to a vertical through the origin of the anal fin. Green-silvery dorsally, grading to whitish below. A silvery band with a dark margin run along the side; a series of four or five blotches (absent in young specimens) on sides between the pectoral and anal fins. Dorsal and anal fins with dark edges. Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833) FB-Morphology-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-14 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 18; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 16 - 18 Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833) FB-Distribution-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-05-11 00:00:00 2014-09-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Asia: Sri Lanka and India eastward to the Mekong. Rainboth, W.J. 1996 Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693) FB-Uses-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-05-11 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: potential Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028) Petrovicky, I. 1988 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. FB-LifeCycle-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-05-11 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Male pursues a slow-moving female and upon catching up with the female, will begin shuddering from side to side while the pair is oriented parallel to each other; the pair positions themselves close to submerged vegetation; male assumes a slight head-down position , with his anal fin curled under the female's vent; the pair begins trembling until a single large egg is released; each female produces about a dozen eggs per day; eggs hatch in about a week; no parental care (Ref. 44091). Yamamoto, M.N. and A.W. Tagawa 2000 Hawai'i's native and exotic freshwater animals. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu, Hawaii. 200 p. (Ref. 44091) FB-Size-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-05-11 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4833)) Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-10124-793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-02-28 00:00:00 2003-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Camallanus Infection 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-10124-206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-02-28 00:00:00 2003-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-10124-441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-02-28 00:00:00 2003-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Gnathostoma Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-10124-632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-02-28 00:00:00 2003-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Isoparorchis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-10124-790 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-02-28 00:00:00 2003-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Pallisentis Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-10124-698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-02-28 00:00:00 2003-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Paragendria Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Diseases-10124-794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-02-28 00:00:00 2003-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10124&StockCode=10447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Procamallanus Infection 9. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Habitat-10124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-05-11 00:00:00 2025-12-11 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10124 pelagic-neritic; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20; depth range 0 - 2 m (Ref. 58302) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Mundy, B.C. 2005 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302)