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Teleostei (teleosts) > Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Tetraodontidae (Puffers) > Tetraodontinae
Etymology: Torquigener: Latin, torquere = to twist + Latin, generare = birth, race (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 18 - 22 m (Ref. 26165). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: South Africa (Knysna) eastward to Samoa (Ref. 4919); north to Japan (Ref. 559).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 116289); max. published weight: 46.00 g (Ref. 116289)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8. Body covered with prickles (Ref. 559). Dark brown with pale greenish spots above, an intermediate pale yellow zone, white below (Ref. 4919).

Inhabits small loose groups on shallow coastal sand flats and in estuaries. Often sleeps during the day by burrying itself under the sand with just eyes exposed (Ref. 48637).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Matsuura, Keiichi | Collaborators

Smith, M.M., 1986. Triodontidae. p. 894. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4419)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 08 June 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.9 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 144 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00682 - 0.02667), b=2.89 (2.72 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

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