Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic. Tropical; 35°N - 20°S
Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Ecuador. Also reported from Paita, Peru (Ref. 5530).
Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.2 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 124487); common length : 20.0 cm FL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9283); max. veröff. Gewicht: 145.24 g (Ref. 124487)
Body strongly compressed and elongate (depth from 4.5 to 5.4 times in standard length); posterior end of upper jaw reaching middle of eye; upper jaw teeth small and villiform; lower branch of first gill arch with 19 to 22 gill rakers; scales small but visible, needle-shaped, embedded in the skin; back dark gray; belly and flanks silvery or blue gray with yellow highlights; dorsal and anal fins charcoal colored; pelvic fins white; pectoral and caudal fins yellow (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are found in littoral waters (Ref. 9283). They tolerate low salinities and may temporarily penetrate estuarine waters (Ref. 9283). The dorsal and anal spines are connected to venomous glands that can cause painful wounds (Ref. 9283). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283).
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 20.4 - 29, mean 25.9 °C (based on 288 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00431 - 0.01163), b=2.94 (2.80 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 217 [128, 551] mg/100g; Iron = 2.13 [1.22, 4.01] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.2, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.322 [0.175, 0.610] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [15.8, 67.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.9 [10.5, 107.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.94, 1.99] mg/100g (wet weight);