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Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Narkidae (Sleeper rays)
Etymology: More on author: Gray.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal. Tropical; 13°N - 2°N, 92°E - 111°E (Ref. 114953)

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Eastern Indian Ocean and North-West Pacific; Thailand to Vietnam, including Malaysia.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 11.5, range 11 - 12 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9913)

Found in continental waters, both inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913); primarily inshore on soft substrates (Ref. 114953). Probably feeds on small benthic invertebrates. Females reported to produce 4 pups a litter (Ref. 114953). Biology little known (Ref. 9913). Maturity size of males reaches at 8-10 cm TL (Ref. 114953).

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Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Medewerkers

Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Kwetsbaar, zie IUCN Rode Lijst (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 31 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Other

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.2 - 28.4, mean 27.3 °C (based on 365 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Assuming fecundity<100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Temera hardwickii Gray, 1831