Classification / Names
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Stromateidae (Butterfishes)
Etymology: Peprilus: Greek, peprilos, paprax, certain fish from Tracia.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range ? - 95 m (Ref. 116249). Subtropical; 11°N - 38°S (Ref. 116249)
Distribution
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: from Venezuela (isla Margarita) to Argentina.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.4 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 116249)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 3 - 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 39 - 47; Anal spines: 2 - 3; Anal soft rays: 36 - 42; Vertebrae: 28 - 31. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: in fresh specimens, with a conspicuous dark spot over the eyes, from snout to nape (vs. indistinct marking); pre-caudal vertebrae 11-12 (vs. 13 or more, rarely 12 except P. xanthurus); total vertebrae 28-29 (vs. 30 or more in P. medius, P. ovatus, P. simillimus, P. snyderi); body height 58.5?74.1% SL (vs. 33.0?52% SL in P. burti, P. ovatus, P. simillimus, P. snyderi, P. triacanthus); dorsal fin moderately falcate (vs. not falcate in P. triacanthus, or conspicuously falcate in P. paru); anal fin falcate (vs. not falcate in P. simillimus, P. ovatus, P. snyderi, P. burti, P. triacanthus); front half of the body under the dorsal fin without series of pores (vs. 17?25 conspicuous pores in P. triacanthus); differs from sympatric P. crenulatus by having an orbital diameter of 1.6?5.0 in anal-fin height (vs. 5.1-8.0) for individuals smaller than 11.0 cm SL and 3.2-5.2 (vs. 5.5-9.2) for specimens larger than 10.9 cm SL; orbital diameter 3.2-3.8 in pectoral-fin height (vs. 3.9-5.9), in the specimens larger than 10.9 cm SL; and orbital diameter 1.1-1.4, rarely 1.5 in post-orbital length (vs. 1.5-2.3) (Ref. 116249).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Marceniuk, A.P., R. Caires and R. Siccha-Ramirez, 2016. Review of the harvestfishes, genus Peprilus (Perciformes: Stromateidae), of the Atlantic coast of South America. Zootaxa 4098(2):311-332. (Ref. 116249)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00624 - 0.03346), b=3.00 (2.82 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
