分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
燕魟科 (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Aetomylaeus: Greek, aetos = eagle + Greek, mylio = mill, grinder (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 10 - 150 m (Ref. 6808). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 35°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal and Morocco to Angola, including the Mediterranean, Madeira and the Canary Islands; then from Saldanha Bay to Natal (South Africa) and southern Mozambique (Ref. 5578).
東大西洋: 葡萄牙與摩洛哥到安哥拉，包括地中海, 馬得拉群島與加納利群島; 然後從沙丹那灣到納塔爾 (南非) 與莫三比克南部.(參考文獻 5578)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 90.0, range 35 - 148 cm
Max length : 222.0 cm WD (female); common length : 150 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 57025); 最大體重: 116.0 kg (Ref. 85836)
Long, flat, rounded snout like a duck's bill; head thick and pectoral disc with sharply curved, angular corners; upper or lower jaw; usually with 7 rows of flat teeth (Ref. 5578). Light brown with several pale blue-grey stripes (may be absent) dorsally, white ventrally (Ref. 5578).
長的﹐平坦的﹐和圓形的吻類似一個鴨子的嘴; 頭部厚的與胸盤具有銳利的彎曲, 稜角; 上頜或下頜; 通常有 7 列的平坦齒。 (參考文獻 5578) 淡褐色且有一些淡藍灰色斑紋 (可能是不存在) 背面, 腹側白色的.(參考文獻 5578)
Found in coastal tropical and warm temperate waters, occasionally offshore. Sometimes found in small groups (Ref. 5578). Feed on bottom-living crustaceans and mollusks. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), aplacental (Ref. 57025). Prized angling fish, often released (Ref. 5578). Flesh highly esteemed (Ref. 3965).
發現於了熱帶沿岸與暖溫帶水域, 偶然地外海。 有時發現於小群魚群。 (參考文獻 5578) 吃底棲甲殼動物與軟體動物。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 被重視的垂釣魚種, 時常排出.(參考文獻 5578) 肉深受喜愛的。 (參考文獻 3965)
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Gestation about 6 months; 3-7 young produced (Ref. 5578). Size at birth 45 cm WD (Ref. 6677).東大西洋: 葡萄牙與摩洛哥到安哥拉，包括地中海, 馬得拉群島與加納利群島; 然後從沙丹那灣到納塔爾 (南非) 與莫三比克南部.(參考文獻 5578)
White, W.T., 2014. A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera. Zootaxa 3860(2):149-166. (Ref. 97392)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 04 August 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.7 - 24.5, mean 17.2 °C (based on 196 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00123 - 0.01235), b=3.08 (2.82 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.08 [0.77, 110.95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.496 [0.044, 5.834] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [15.3, 25.8] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.059, 0.340] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [6.1, 179.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.64 [0.33, 39.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.455 [0.027, 5.132] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
