分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋. 溫帶; 48°N - 24°N, 89°W - 5°W
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia in Canada to southern Florida in USA and eastern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: juveniles occasionally accompany floating objects across the Atlantic and have been recorded from Ireland, around the British Isles, off Portugal and the western Mediterranean.
西大西洋: 在美國與墨西哥灣東方的加拿大的新斯科舍省到佛羅里達南部.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 不列顛群島，葡萄牙外海與地中海西部的周圍,稚魚偶然地陪伴橫過大西洋的漂浮的目標而且曾經從愛爾蘭記錄。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4542); 最大体重: 12.3 kg (Ref. 7251)
Lives in deep water over continental slopes. Adults in submarine canyons, young more widely found in surface layers and may occur at times close inshore docks. Young to 30 cm common in large groups during summer and autumn under floating boards, boxes and barrels. Does not associate with medusae. Adults probably schooling in depths but not on the bottom. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans; also sqiud and molluscs (Ref. 5951). Probably a spring spawner. (see Ref 4542).
生活在大陆斜坡上的深水域。 成鱼在海底峡谷 , 幼鱼更广泛发现于表面层了而且可能偶而出现近岸船坞。 对 30 公分的幼鱼在漂浮的木板，盒子与桶下面常见于大的群在夏天与秋天期间。 不会与水母聚集在一起。 成鱼可能在深处聚集成群但是不在底部上。 捕食小鱼与甲壳动物。 可能泉水产卵鱼。 (见参考文献 4542).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 在美國與墨西哥灣東方的加拿大的新斯科舍省到佛羅里達南部.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 不列顛群島，葡萄牙外海與地中海西部的周圍,稚魚偶然地陪伴橫過大西洋的漂浮的目標而且曾經從愛爾蘭記錄。
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.7 - 19.7, mean 11.6 °C (based on 85 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00406 - 0.01955), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.3 [12.4, 33.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.387 [0.231, 0.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.753 [0.458, 1.202] g/100g; Selenium = 19.1 [10.4, 33.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.6 [5.9, 48.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.416 [0.302, 0.583] mg/100g (wet weight);
