分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 10 - 60 m (Ref. 7251). 熱帶; 37°N - 34°S, 98°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and North Carolina, USA to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ref. 57756).
西大西洋: 百慕達群島與美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 57756)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數) : 13; 背的軟條 (總數) : 47 - 55; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 16. Very high first dorsal fin with a short base (Ref. 26938). Gray with three white-edged dark brown to black bands, the first running vertically through eye, the second from nape across operculum and chest to front of pelvic fins, and the last beginning on first dorsal fin and running to end of caudal fin (Ref. 13442). Third and widest band from tip of high dorsal fin, curving along length of body to tip of tail (Ref. 26938).
很高的第一背鰭有一個短的基底.(參考文獻 26938) 灰色的有三條邊緣白色的深褐色的到黑色的條紋, 第一個經過眼垂直地跑, 橫過第二個從後頸鰓蓋與腹鰭的前面的胸 , 與最後的起點在第一背鰭而且跑向尾鰭末端.(參考文獻 13442) 第三與來自高的背鰭頂端的寬的條紋, 彎曲沿著對尾尖的體長.(參考文獻 26938)
Inhabits bays and sounds; also deep coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles sometimes inshore (Ref. 9710). Easily approached (Ref. 9710). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420). Feeds mainly on small shrimps and crabs, but also on polychaete worms and gastropod mollusks (Ref. 13442).
棲息於海灣而且聽; 也深的珊瑚礁.(參考文獻 9710) 稚魚有時沿海地區.(參考文獻 9710) 容易接近。 (參考文獻 9710) 曾經後面在繁殖場.(參考文獻 35420) 主要吃小的蝦與螃蟹, 也捕食多毛類的蠕蟲與腹足類軟體動物.(參考文獻 13442)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 240).西大西洋: 百慕達群島與美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 57756)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.7 - 28, mean 25.7 °C (based on 274 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00416 - 0.01206), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73.2 [37.3, 116.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.682 [0.347, 1.133] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.147 [0.081, 0.219] g/100g; Selenium = 33.1 [19.8, 60.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 80.2 [27.1, 259.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.94, 1.91] mg/100g (wet weight);
