Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 70 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 36°N - 18°N, 93°W - 74°W (Ref. 55260)
Western Central Atlantic: North Carolina (USA), Bahamas and northwest Florida to Campeche Bank (Yucatan).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9710)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Bright pattern of dark spots on the pale pectoral fins. Small mouth. Wide interorbital distance and a thick, massive head on which, in large specimens rests a small, knoblike rostrum, because the rostrum is characterized by ontogenetic allometry: very long in juveniles, very short in adults. Lateral line scale count: subopercular 7-8; cheek series usually 8 (Ref. 40824).
A rare species found on sandy, muddy, or rocky bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 27.7, mean 25 °C (based on 206 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.00925 - 0.05675), b=2.94 (2.72 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24 [11, 60] mg/100g; Iron = 0.514 [0.267, 0.915] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.1, 22.7] %; Omega3 = 0.154 [0.057, 0.383] g/100g; Selenium = 16.3 [7.1, 38.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45 [11, 192] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.725 [0.438, 1.128] mg/100g (wet weight);