分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology:
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 6.0 - 9.0; dH range: 5 - 20; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 7 m (Ref. 4967). 熱帶; 11°C - 36°C (Ref. 3); 35°N - 9°S, 17°W - 36°E
Africa and Eurasia: South Morocco, Sahara, Niger-Benue system, rivers Senegal, Sassandra, Bandama, Boubo, Mé, Comoé, Bia, Ogun and Oshun, Volta system, Chad-Shari system (Ref. 5163), middle Congo River basin in the Ubangi, Uele (Ref. 55074), Itimbiri, Aruwimi (Ref. 55074, 106290), Lindi-Tshopo (Ref. 106290) and Wagenia Falls (Ref. 106245) in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lakes Albert (Ref. 55074) and Turkana, Nile system and Jordan system (Ref. 5163). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
非洲與歐亞大陸: 摩洛哥南部，撒哈拉，塞內加爾河，尼日-貝努埃河的系統，薩桑德拉河與象牙海岸的 Bandama 河，佛塔河系統，查德河- 雪利河流域，烏班基河-偉萊河-Ituri 的河 (剛果) ，湖 Mobutu 與 Turkana, 尼羅河系統與 Jordan 系統。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 7.0, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 34290); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 34290); 最大体重: 300.00 g (Ref. 3799); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 164)
背棘 (总数) : 13 - 16; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Diagnosis: A large, deep-bodied species with a narrow head and small strong jaws; generally has a bright red belly and prominent vertical barring (Ref. 118638). Upper profile of head not convex; lower pharyngeal bone about as long as broad, and with anterior lamella shorter than toothed area; median pharyngeal teeth not broadened; dorsal fin with 14-16 spines and 10-14 soft rays; 8-11 lower gillrakers; dark longitudinal band appears on flanks when agitated; no bifurcated dark vertical bars on flanks; dorsal and caudal fins not or feebly blotched (Ref. 53405). Body brownish-olivaceous with an iridescent blue sheen; lips bright green (Ref. 34290, 53405). Chest pinkish (Ref. 34290). Dorsal, caudal and anal fins brownish-olivaceous with yellow spots, dorsal and anal fins outlined by narrow orange band; "tilapian" spot large, extending from last spine to 4th soft ray and always bordered by yellow band (Ref. 34290, 53405). Specimens of 2-14 cm standard length with completely yellowish or greyish caudal fin without dots, but tend to develop a greyish caudal fin with dots of increasing size during development; above 14 cm standard length, this species has greyish caudal fins with dots on entire caudal fin (Ref. 57660). The sexes look very similar, although in a mated pair the male is usually larger (Ref. 118638). Difficult to distinguish reliably from Coptodon rendalli, but C. zillii can have a less-steep head profile and more prominent vertical bars; in East Africa, the tailfin of C. rendalli is often divided into a brown/grey upper part and red/yellowish lower part, whereas the tail of C. zillii is more uniform throughout (Ref. 118638).
橄榄色的有一个蓝色虹彩的光辉; 唇明亮的绿色; 胸略带桃色的。 二条水平的斑纹在身体与尾柄上越过六或七个深色的纵带了。 背鳍、尾鳍与臀鳍橄榄色的有黄色斑点, 背鳍与臀鳍边缘为一条狭窄的橘色条纹了。 尾鳍通常覆盖着一个灰色的网络有灰白的空隙。 成年的标本几乎完全地具有一个大的﹐黑色的﹐和几乎圆形的斑点黄色的的边缘.(参考文献 34290) 在 2 与 14 公分 SL 之间的标本有一个没有点的完全淡黄色或者略灰色的尾鳍，但是他们倾向在发展的时候发育一个逐渐增加大小的略灰色尾部 finwith 点; 在 14 公分 SL 之上，這種在整個的尾鰭上和點有略灰色的尾鰭。 (參考文獻 57660)
Highly adaptable and tolerates varying water qualities (Ref. 52307); they are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures and salinities (Ref. 118638), even surviving marine conditions (Ref. 52307). Extended temperature range 6.5 - 42.5 °C, natural temperature range 10.5 - 36°C (Ref. 3). Occasionally form schools; mainly diurnal. Prefers shallow, vegetated areas (Ref. 4967). Fry are common in marginal vegetation and juveniles are found in the seasonal floodplain. Herbivorous (Ref. 52307), adults feed on leaves and stems of underwater plants as well as algae and vegetative detritus (Ref. 118638). A substrate spawner (Ref. 28714, 52307); male and female form pairs to rear the young (Ref. 118638); aggs and larvae are usually guarded in a pit dug in the mud (Ref. 118638). Parental care is very thorough and undertaken by both parties; large specimens may deposit 1000 eggs per spawn, preferably on hard surfaces; hatching occurs about 96 hours post spawning, and juveniles swim freely about 4-6 days later (Ref. 52307). Larvae develop in close association with substrate.
偶然地形成鱼群; 主要日行性。 偏爱浅滩，有植物生长的区域。 (参考文献 4967) 鱼苗是常见于杂草丛，而且稚鱼被发现于季节性的洪泛区。 食草的, 吃水中植物与灌木藻 , 与一些无脊椎动物。 底部产卵鱼.(参考文献 28714) 仔鱼在靠近底部中发育。 扩大的温差 6.5- 42.5 °C, 自然温差 10.5- 36 °C.(参考文献 3)
Spawns in lake bottoms with pebbles or sand and abundant vegetation (Ref. 3). Lays adhesive eggs on the substratum which are guarded by both parents (Ref. 6298). Reported to deposit and guard eggs in shallow nest (Ref. 12069). Produces up to 1000 eggs (Ref. 1672).非洲與歐亞大陸: 摩洛哥南部，撒哈拉，塞內加爾河，尼日-貝努埃河的系統，薩桑德拉河與象牙海岸的 Bandama 河，佛塔河系統，查德河- 雪利河流域，烏班基河-偉萊河-Ituri 的河 (剛果) ，湖 Mobutu 與 Turkana, 尼羅河系統與 Jordan 系統。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Dunz, A.R. and U.K. Schliewen, 2013. Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as "Tilapia". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 68(1):64-80. (Ref. 93285)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.01376 - 0.01911), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.2 (1.5 - 4.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.5; tm=2-3; tmax=7; Fec = 715 - 1,147).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 147 [76, 253] mg/100g; Iron = 1.18 [0.67, 2.29] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.092, 0.407] g/100g; Selenium = 43.7 [23.5, 82.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.5 [4.8, 49.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.19 [1.56, 3.22] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
