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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Sciaenops: Greek, skiaina, skion = a fish, red mullet + Greek, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 10 - ? m (Ref. 9988). Subtropical; 15°C - 26°C (Ref. 127841); 43°N - 0°S
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts in USA to northern Mexico, including southern Florida, USA.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 82.7, range 55 - 80.3 cm
Max length : 155 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); common length : 100.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 45.0 kg (Ref. 9988); العمر: 50 سنين (Ref. 32563)
Occurs usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters and estuaries. Abundant in surf zone. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and fishes. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; الأستزراع المائي: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم; حوض مائي: احواض مائية عامة
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.5 - 27.3, mean 24.2 °C (based on 180 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00523 - 0.01324), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 (2.4 - 3.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 16
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.27; tmax=7; Fec~1 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.3 [25.8, 87.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.905 [0.462, 1.579] mg/100g; Protein = 21.4 [18.9, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.127, 0.506] g/100g; Selenium = 38.8 [20.5, 79.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.2 [1.5, 14.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.566 [0.398, 0.828] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
