Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Vaillant & Bocourt.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 1 - 70 m (Ref. 9626), usually 18 - 55 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 18°N - 52°S, 83°W - 34°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Panama and the Greater Antilles to Argentina. Including Lesser Antilles (Ref. 26938). Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 25.1, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 56.9 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 125970); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3702); max. published weight: 2.2 kg (Ref. 125970)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23 - 27; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 9. Colour greyish above, silvery below. Without conspicuous spots, but with faint dark streaks along scale rows above lateral line. Pectoral-fin bases and upper rays slightly dark, pelvic and anal fins often yellowish, dorsal and caudal fins dusky with darker margin. Inside opercle darkish visible externally. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Chin without barbel or pores, snout with only 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of horn-like anterior appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) moderately broad and thick, Lapillus (small earstone rudimentary. Scales large. Soft portion of dorsal-fin base covered with small scales up to 1/2 of fin height (Ref 51721).

Found over sand or mud bottoms from the coastline to about 60 m depth (Ref. 3702); rarely in waters with a depth of less than 18 m (Ref. 9626). Juveniles inhabit river estuaries (Ref. 3702). Oviparous, with high fecundity (Ref. 54358). Feed on fishes and crustaceans like crabs and shrimps (Ref. 35237). Important food fish (Ref. 3702).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 October 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

FAO - Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 11.3 - 27.9, mean 22.4 °C (based on 376 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00614 - 0.00895), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.66 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Fec = 47,000).

Prior r = 1.00, 95% CL = 0.66 - 1.50, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 79.3 [45.0, 151.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.987 [0.527, 1.687] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.7, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.365 [0.220, 0.573] g/100g; Selenium = 25.1 [13.5, 47.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.6 [3.9, 33.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.788 [0.575, 1.138] mg/100g (wet weight);

Cynoscion jamaicensis (Vaillant & Bocourt, 1883)