Issue
Relationships discussed in Weitzman & Malabarba (1999).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Temperate
South America: Atlantic versant rivers from northern Santa Catarina to southern Paraná, Brazil.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 2.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 37055)
Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Anal soft rays: 14 - 17; Vertebrae: 32 - 33. Low vertebral count (32-33) versus 32-34 for S. broccae and S. leptoura; larger preanal distance in males (61.3-63.9% SL versus 55.9-61.5 for S. broccae and 57.3-61.9 for S. leptoura.
Inhabits lower elevations of coastal blackwater streams that drain the surrounding forests.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Weitzman, S.H. and L.R. Malabarba, 1999. Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from eastern Brazil. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(1):1-43. (Ref. 32783)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).