分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 10 - 100 m (Ref. 90102), usually 25 - ? m (Ref. 90102). 热带; 32°N - 23°S
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa (Ref. 11228) to the Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to northern Colombia and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9289).
印度-太平洋: 红海与南非 (参考文献 11228) 到夏威夷群岛, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亚。 东太平洋: 加州湾到哥伦比亚北部与加拉巴哥群岛.(参考文献 9289)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9289)
背棘 (总数) : 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 13; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 7.
Inhabits steep outer reef slopes exposed to strong currents where it lives in large gorgonians and black corals (Ref. 3921). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Common below 25 m (Ref. 90102). Feeds on small benthic or planktonic crustaceans. The suggestion that this species lays demersal eggs (Ref. 3921) is questionable. Pelagic spawning has been observed for this species from field observations (Ref. 26305). Monogamous (Ref. 52884), strongly territorial (Ref. 26305). Uncommon to rare in most areas (Ref. 9710).
栖息于被暴露于强的水流的陡峭的外礁斜坡在那里它生活在大的柳珊瑚与黑珊瑚中。 吃小型底栖或浮游性甲壳动物。 这种生下的建议沉性卵 (参考文献 3921) 是可疑的。 大洋性产卵已经从野外采集观察被观察对于这个鱼种.(参考文献 26305) 一夫一妻的 (参考文献 52884), 强烈具有领域性.(参考文献 26305) 罕见到稀有的在大多数的区域中.(参考文献 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing (Ref. 52884). Actual spawning lasts about 1-2 seconds while ascending a distance of less than 0.25 m (Ref. 26305). Courtship and spawning behavior is similar to that described for other species: 1) courtship commences just before or after sunset with spawning after sunset; 2) successive courtship and spawning by the male in social groups containing one or more females; 3) courtship and spawning at a site common to both male and female or at a site located within the female's home area; 4) pelagic spawning with a rapid but relatively short ascent into the water column by both male and female; 5) return of the male and female to resident corals afte spawning.
Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884).印度-太平洋: 红海与南非 (参考文献 11228) 到夏威夷群岛, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亚。 东太平洋: 加州湾到哥伦比亚北部与加拉巴哥群岛.(参考文献 9289)
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.9 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1414 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 105 [53, 159] mg/100g; Iron = 0.701 [0.422, 1.155] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [17.1, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.106 [0.063, 0.182] g/100g; Selenium = 36.7 [17.2, 71.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 123 [40, 367] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.92 [1.30, 2.67] mg/100g (wet weight);
