Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 35 - 200 m (Ref. 5292). Subtropical
Eastern Atlantic: Including Madeira and the Mediterranean; barely touching into the northernmost portion of the area, if at all.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 50675)
Found in deep rocky areas. Feed on crabs, gastropods and polychaetes (Ref. 4742).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986. Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 15.9, mean 14.3 °C (based on 58 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00207 - 0.01214), b=3.15 (2.94 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 56.1 [25.0, 120.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.647 [0.340, 1.402] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [15.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.177 [0.092, 0.338] g/100g; Selenium = 18.2 [7.5, 40.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 85.2 [21.2, 438.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.16 [0.68, 2.06] mg/100g (wet weight);
