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Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas, 1810)

Kelp greenling
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Hexagrammos decagrammus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hexagrammos decagrammus (Kelp greenling)
Hexagrammos decagrammus
Female picture by Nichols, J.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Cottoidei (Sculpins) > Hexagrammidae (Greenlings) > Hexagramminae
Etymology: Hexagrammos: Greek, exa = six + greek, gramma = letter,signal (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 46 m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 66°N - 32°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Amchitka Island, in the Aleutian chain (Ref. 27436) to La Jolla, southern California, USA.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 27436); max. published weight: 2.1 kg (Ref. 27436); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref. 55701)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 21 - 22; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 23 - 24. Caudal broadly rounded or truncate.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs in rocky inshore areas, common on kelp beds, also on sand bottoms (Ref. 2850). Feeds on crustaceans, polychaete worms, brittle stars, mollusks, and small fishes (Ref. 28499). Young are food of steelheads and salmon (Ref. 6885). Frequently caught by shore and skiff fishers and speared by divers (Ref. 2850).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 December 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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Predators
Ecology
Ecology
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Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
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Abundances
Life cycle
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Egg(s)
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Distribution
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BRUVS - Videos
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Visual pigment(s)
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Genetics
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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References
References

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Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OceanAdapt | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 4.1 - 13, mean 8.6 °C (based on 128 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5159   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00361 - 0.01917), b=3.12 (2.92 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=3-5; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.23, 95% CL = 0.15 - 0.35, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 42.4 [17.8, 81.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.392 [0.181, 0.862] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.782 [0.349, 2.160] g/100g; Selenium = 12.8 [6.9, 31.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.7, 34.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.36, 0.78] mg/100g (wet weight);