Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre démersal; amphidrome (Ref. 46888). Tropical; 22°C - 29°C (Ref. 36880); 33°N - 5°S, 98°W - 35°W (Ref. 117424)
Western Central Atlantic: Southern Florida and southern Texas in USA to eastern Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: Macias Nguema (Fernando Po).
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 11344); common length : 36.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 12193); poids max. publié: 7.5 kg (Ref. 11344)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 7; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 9; Épines anales: 1; Rayons mous anaux: 9.
Adults occur in fresh water, often well inland. Found over sand streams, usually in current near cover (Ref. 86798). Inhabits larger free flowing clear water streams (Ref. 11225). They lie mostly on the bottom in slower moving part of streams, sometimes on logs or large stones and on leaf debris or gravel (Ref. 11225). A carnivorous and benthic fish that relies on its sluggish behavior and cryptic coloration (Ref. 36880). Feeds on all greater invertebrates and regularly also fish (Ref. 92840).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.4 - 28.3, mean 27.5 °C (based on 395 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00391 - 0.02676), b=3.02 (2.79 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
