Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 0 - 550 m (Ref. 50550). Deep-water; 67°N - 32°N
North Pacific: Aleutian Islands (one record) to Okhotsk and Japan seas.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 16.8  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56557); common length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56557); max. published weight: 200.00 g (Ref. 56557); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 56527)
Found on sandy-mud bottoms (Ref. 559). Cultured and released for fishery in Japan.
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.7 - 13.9, mean 3.8 °C (based on 218 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.2500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00415 - 0.02764), b=3.02 (2.80 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2-3; tmax=6; Fec=600-1,700).
Prior r = 0.17, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.25, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (7 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.1 [20.6, 73.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.48 [0.22, 0.89] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.0, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.422 [0.233, 0.740] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [6.8, 32.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13 [3, 56] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.474 [0.337, 0.685] mg/100g (wet weight);