Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal. Tropical
Western Atlantic: Belize to Santa Catarina, Brazil; also Trinidad, Jamaica, St. Barthélemy, and Suriname.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.7 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 80009); max. published weight: 90.20 g (Ref. 118626)
Common in estuarine areas (Ref. 36453).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Greenfield, D.W. and J.E. Thomerson, 1997. Fishes of the continental waters of Belize. University Press of Florida, Florida. 311 p. (Ref. 30499)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.7 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 238 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00908 - 0.01451), b=3.12 (3.05 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).