Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 80 - 300 m (Ref. 3589). Tropical; 17°N - 13°S, 19°W - 15°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania (Ref. 5377) and Senegal to southern Angola.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5377); common length : 50.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26999)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 16; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: brownish head and body; 3-4 broad oblique bars on the dorsal part of the body and another on the dorsal half of the peduncle; 2 narrow faint dark bands extending posteriorly from the lower half of the eye; presence of dark moustache streak, not extending past the rear end on maxilla; body depth less than head length, depth contained 2.9-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 times in standard length; flat or slightly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, 3-4 enlarged serrae at the angle, lowermost directed ventrally; serrate interopercle and subopercle; well developed middle and lower opercular spines, upper spine not apparent; approximately straight upper edge of operculum; maxilla reaches vertical at rear edge of eye; maxilla naked or with few minute scales dorsally; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; posterior nostril about twice the size of anterior nostril (Ref. 89707).
Reported to occur from a variety of habitats (rock, mud and sand). The adults live in relatively deeper waters (Ref. 5377). Little is known about its biology.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pescarias de subsistência
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.2 - 16.4, mean 15.3 °C (based on 16 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00585 - 0.01962), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.64 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Assuming tm=3-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 42.3 [16.9, 97.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.731 [0.329, 1.668] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.095, 0.360] g/100g; Selenium = 97.9 [44.0, 230.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.3 [7.3, 126.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.03 [0.64, 1.70] mg/100g (wet weight);
