Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; diepte 20 - 300 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 32°N - 28°S
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea south to Mossel Bay, South Africa and east to India and Sri Lanka.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 34.6, range 35 - 45 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3507)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11 - 12; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 10 - 11; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8. Silvery with faint, red crossbars; dead specimens almost white or purple.
Found over rocky substrates of coastal waters. Juveniles stay in sheltered areas of estuaries (Ref. 5213). Large specimens caught from the shore only when seas are rough (Ref. 3198). Marketed fresh, whole or dried.
Also reported as a 'rudimentary hermaphrodite' or 'late gonochorist' where individuals posses an immature intersexual gonad but mature as either male or female fish with no eveidence of sexual reversal (Ref. 28504).
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.8 - 27.7, mean 23.9 °C (based on 306 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01217 - 0.01566), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.07-0.18; tmax=22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [12.9, 43.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.467 [0.255, 0.927] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.149 [0.093, 0.244] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [25.2, 92.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68.3 [19.5, 227.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.72, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
