Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 80 - 200 m (Ref. 11230). Subtropical
Indo-West Pacific.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637); max. published weight: 1.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Found on the continental shelf; in sandy mud bottom (Ref. 11230). Benthic (Ref. 75154).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest; gamefish: yes
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.8 - 26.5, mean 19.8 °C (based on 171 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00626 - 0.02776), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).