محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 5 - 73 m (Ref. 11295), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 11295). Tropical; 6°N - 3°S, 93°W - 85°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: Isla del Coco off Costa Rica and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Reports from Panama and Peru have been discounted (Ref. 6873).
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 65.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5222)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 16 - 17; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 11. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark to olive-brown body color with purplish and lighter brown spots, or plain dark brown; xanthic morph is bright yellow all over; depth of body contained 2.9-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.6-2.9 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, with serrate lobe at angle; posterior nostrils of adults much larger than anterior ones (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found among rock walls, underwater lava ridges, and all kinds of well structured vertical rock formations (Ref. 11295). Juveniles found in shallow sandy lagoons (Ref. 5222), also in seagrass beds, mangrove lagoons, shallow lava reefs and inland lava ponds (Ref. 11295). Adults are mainly piscivorous, prey size increasing with predator size (Ref. 11295).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
دمای ترجیحی (مرجع
123201): 14.5 - 23.7, mean 19.3 °C (based on 4 cells).
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00362 - 0.00959), b=3.02 (2.89 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.18; tm=3; tmax=7).
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
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مواد مغذی (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.5 [28.2, 126.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.861 [0.465, 1.708] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.219 [0.129, 0.372] g/100g; Selenium = 66.8 [33.8, 142.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.4 [7.5, 81.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.666 [0.455, 0.982] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.