Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري قاعية المعيشة; نطاق العمق ? - 700 m (Ref. 35388), usually 150 - 400 m (Ref. 26999). Deep-water; 60°N - 23°S, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: north of British Isles and North Sea to Walvis Bay, Namibia, including Madeira and the Mediterranean (excluding the Black Sea).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 30 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4697); العمر: 7 سنين (Ref. 7008)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9 - 10; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 15 - 16; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 15 - 16.
Found on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 27121). Feeds on shrimps and crabs (Ref. 27637).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Richards, W.J. and V.P. Saksena, 1990. Triglidae. p. 680-684. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3687)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 14.9, mean 13.1 °C (based on 252 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00693 - 0.00998), b=3.00 (2.95 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.11-0.21; tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.5 [11.9, 50.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.417 [0.209, 0.822] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.533 [0.229, 1.490] g/100g; Selenium = 20.1 [8.9, 48.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.9 [2.6, 46.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.403 [0.274, 0.604] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.