Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 15 - 50 m. Deep-water; 30°N - 4°N, 19°W - 8°W
Eastern Atlantic: along the west coast of Africa from West Sahara to Liberia.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6499); common length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2716)
Occurs on the continental shelf (Ref. 6499).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Psettodidae. p. 1024. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6499)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.3 - 27.9, mean 24.8 °C (based on 26 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.9 [13.7, 63.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.398 [0.166, 0.859] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.3, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.189 [0.084, 0.403] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [4.6, 31.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.18 [1.03, 36.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.277 [0.179, 0.438] mg/100g (wet weight);