Family Geotriidae - Southern lampreys | ||||
Order | : | Petromyzontiformes | ||
Class | : | Petromyzonti | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 1 | Species : 2 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Peripheral/diadromous | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | |||
Remark | : |
Monospecific family: See the account of the unique species Geotria australis Gray, 1851.
Distribution: Southern hemisphere, Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Argentina; generally antitropical. Habitat and ecology: Marine species anadromous. Parasitic. Description: Jawless vertebrates with cartilaginous skeleton (lamprin) and notochord; eel-like in shape; scales and paired fins absent; 7 branchial openings (or pores) on either side of the body. Larvae (ammocoete) possess a horseshoe-shaped mouth (the upper lip is termed an oral hood); a triangular median nostril; 2 low dorsal fins, second dorsal fin confluent with caudal fin; branchial openings triangular with the apex oriented anteriorly and lie connected in a groove; a gall bladder; possess eyes covered by a layer of skin rendering them blind; filter-feeding microphagous detritivores; mouth opening consisting of a network of cirrhi; ammocoete max size: 12 cm. Adults (post-metamorphosed) with a circular median nostril; 2 separate dorsal fins and second dorsal fin separate from caudal fin both in immature and mature adults; well developed and fully functional eyes; pouch-like gills not supported by gill arches; corneous teeth on the circular oral disk and on the tongue-like piston; dorsal and ventral nerve roots separated; nasohypophyseal sac has an external opening only; intestinal tract with spiral valve and cilia; branchial openings are oval with short axis oriented along the longitudinal body axis (no longer in a groove) each one opensing directly to the exterior, the gall bladder has disappeared; in nonparasitic species, massive destruction of oocytes through atresia; may be either prespawning (immature), spawning (mature) or spent. Max adult size: 57 cm. Reproduction: Sexes separate; eggs numerous (thousands), small and not yolky, buried in spawning redds excavated in clean, hard bottoms (litophilous broodhiders); semelparous. Lampreys (together with hagfishes) are the most basal extant vertebrates. Definite fossil records date back to the upper Carboniferous, about 280 million years ago (Ref. 12268). Also from the Cretaceous of China from 125 million years ago and Devonian of South Africa from 360 million years ago. Classification: Previously a subfamily of Petromyzontidae. |
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Etymology | : | |||
Reproductive guild | : | nonguarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | |||
Main Ref. | : | Renaud, C.B. 2011 | ||
Coordinator | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Geotria australis Gray, 1851 | accepted | senior | original |
Velasia chilensis Gray, 1851 | synonym | junior | original |
Thysanochilus valdivianus Philippi, 1857 | synonym | junior | original |
! Ammocoetes caeruleus Philippi, 1858 | synonym | junior | original |
Ammocoetus caeruleus Philippi, 1858 | synonym | junior | original |
! Ammocoetes coeruleus Philippi, 1858 | synonym | junior | original |
Ammocoetes landbecki Philippi, 1858 | synonym | junior | original |
Petromyzon fonki Philippi, 1865 | synonym | junior | original |
! Petromyzon onki Philippi, 1865 | synonym | junior | original |
Yarra singularis Castelnau, 1872 | synonym | junior | original |
Neomordacia howittii Castelnau, 1872 | synonym | junior | original |
Geotria allporti Günther, 1872 | synonym | junior | original |
Velasia stenostomus Ogilby, 1896 | synonym | junior | original |
Macrophthalmia chilensis Plate, 1897 | synonym | junior | original |
Geotria saccifera Regan, 1911 | synonym | junior | original |
Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868) | accepted | senior | new |
Petromyzon macrostomus Burmeister, 1868 | synonym | junior | original |
Exomegas macrostomus (Burmeister, 1868) | synonym | senior | new |
Geotria macrostoma f. gallegensis Smitt, 1901 | synonym | junior | original |
Exomegas gallegensis (Smitt, 1901) | synonym | junior | new |
Geotria gallegensis Smitt, 1901 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Geotria macrostoma gallegensis Smitt, 1901 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Dionisia patagonica Lahille, 1915 | synonym | junior | original |