วงศ์ Linophrynidae - Leftvents | ||||
อันดับ | : | Lophiiformes | ||
ลำดับชั้นย่อยของไฟลัม | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 5 | ชนิด : 27 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
ภาวะแวดล้อม | : | สด : No | กร่อย : No | เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม : Yes | ||
ลำดับชั้นย่อยของอาณาจักร(ใช้กับพืช) | : | Marine | ||
สถานที่แสดงสัตว์และพืชน้ำ | : | none | ||
พบซากสัตว์ครั้งแรกเมื่อ | : | |||
ข้อสังเกต | : | From Nelson (1994). Distribution: Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and Gulf of Panama. (Ref. 7463) Distinguishing character: Any one of three distinctive characters sufficiently defines members of this family: reduced number of median-fin rays: only 3 (rarely 4) dorsal-fin rays and 3 (rarely 2 or 4) anal-fin rays; reduced number of branchiostegal rays: only 5 (rarely 4); and a peculiar displacement of the vent or anal opening to the left of center (sinistral) in all members of this family (the cause and function unknown); great morphological diversity with the family best addressed by an appreciation of specific and detailed generic accounts; but, other general characteristics include: body of metamorphosed females short to somewhat globular, relatively short snout, large head (usually in excess of 50% SL from snout tip to pectoral-fin base), large mouth (some species may well have the largest mouth of any vertebrate), jaws almost anteriorly equal (in some, the lower jaw just a bit longer than the upper jaw), with a symphysial spine on the lower jaw, well developed sphenotic spines, lacking quadrate and articular spines, the hyomandibular with a single head (feature shared with neoceratiids and gigantactinids), bifurcated opercle with a moderately concave posterior margin, long and thin subopercle lacking a spine or projection on the anterior margin, the preopercle usually bearing one or more prominent spines, the skin is all smooth and naked, lacking dermal spinules; highly variable dentition among genera; the illicial pterygiophore unusually short (anterior end buried under the skin of the head or slightly protruding on the snout), lacking a remnant of the second cephalic spine; length of illicium highly variable among genera (from almost totally embedded to as much as 70% SL); escal morphology also with enormous variations (from simple to highly ornate); bioluminescent hyoid barbel only in Linophryne; the overall color of metamorphosed females usually dark brown to black with the exception of the escal appendages, the distal parts of the escal bulb, the barbel of Linophryne ,and fin rays with the total exclusion of Haplophryne (having no skin pigmentation). Free-living and parasitic males known for all except Acentrophryne; eyes of metamorphosed free-living males relatively large (6 to 9% SL diameter), anteriorly directed and somewhat tubular; olfactory organs inflated and moderately to highly enlarged; variable number of olfactory lamellae among genera from 3 to 13; presence and number of jaw teeth in males also variable among genera; sphenotic spines present in only 2 taxa; hyoid barbel in males absent in all genera; skin naked, lacking dermal spinules; parasitic males with denticular teeth, eyes, and olfactory organs appearing rather degenerated and the belly highly inflated in mature specimens; presence of skin pigmentation in free-living males also variable (from dark brown to black to completely unpigmented). Pectoral-fin rays: 13 to 19, caudal-fin rays: 9 (2 simple + 4 bifurcated + 3 simple). Largest known female measure 27.5 cm; largest known free-living male measure 0.86 cm; largest known parasitic males among the genera range from 0.73 to 3.0 cm. (Ref. 86949) | ||
นิรุกติศาสตร์ | : | Greek, 'linon' = flax or anything made of flax such as "cord," "rope," or a "net" + Greek, 'phryne' = toad (refers to a toadlike fish that fishes with a net) (Ref. 86949) | ||
กลุ่มที่มีการสืบพันธุ์ | : | nonguarders | ||
ระดับกิจกรรมที่เป็นตัวอย่าง | : | |||
อ้างอิงหลัก | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
ผู้ประสานงาน | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Eupercaria | | | Lophiiformes | Ceratioidei | | Linophrynidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Linophryne lucifer Collett, 1886 | accepted | senior | original |
! Linophryne lucifera Collett, 1886 | synonym | senior | original |
Linophryne digitopogon Balushkin & Trunov, 1988 | synonym | junior | original |
Linophryne indica (Brauer, 1902) | accepted | senior | new |
Aceratias macrorhinus indicus Brauer, 1902 | synonym | senior | original |
Linophryne corymbifera Regan & Trewavas, 1932 | synonym | junior | original |
Linophryne arborifera Regan, 1925 | accepted | senior | original |
! Linophryne arborifer Regan, 1925 | synonym | senior | original |
Linophryne eupogon Regan & Trewavas, 1932 | synonym | junior | original |
Linophryne macrodon Regan, 1925 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne brevibarbis Parr, 1927 | synonym | junior | original |
Linophryne polypogon Regan, 1925 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne arcturi (Beebe, 1926) | accepted | senior | new |
Diabolidium arcturi Beebe, 1926 | synonym | senior | original |
Linophryne bicornis Parr, 1927 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne coronata Parr, 1927 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne longibarbata Borodin, 1930 | synonym | junior | original |
Linophryne coronata diphlegma Parr, 1934 | synonym | junior | original |
Linophryne argyresca Regan & Trewavas, 1932 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne brevibarbata Beebe, 1932 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne racemifera Regan & Trewavas, 1932 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne algibarbata Waterman, 1939 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne densiramus Imai, 1941 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne quinqueramosa Beebe & Crane, 1947 | accepted | senior | original |
! Linophryne quinqueramosus Beebe & Crane, 1947 | synonym | senior | original |
Linophryne maderensis Maul, 1961 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne sexfilis Bertelsen, 1973 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne trewavasae Bertelsen, 1978 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne parini Bertelsen, 1980 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne pennibarbata Bertelsen, 1980 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne bipennata Bertelsen, 1982 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne escaramosa Bertelsen, 1982 | accepted | senior | original |
Linophryne andersoni Gon, 1992 | accepted | senior | original |
Haplophryne mollis (Brauer, 1902) | accepted | senior | new |
Aceratias mollis Brauer, 1902 | synonym | senior | original |
Edriolychnus schmidti Regan, 1925 | synonym | junior | original |
! Eridolchynus schmidti Regan, 1925 | synonym | junior | original |
Edriolychnus macracanthus Regan & Trewavas, 1932 | synonym | junior | original |
Edriolychnus radians Regan & Trewavas, 1932 | synonym | junior | original |
Edriolychnus roulei Regan & Trewavas, 1932 | synonym | junior | original |
Haplophryne triregium Whitley & Phillipps, 1939 | synonym | junior | original |
Borophryne apogon Regan, 1925 | accepted | senior | original |
Photocorynus spiniceps Regan, 1925 | accepted | senior | original |
Acentrophryne longidens Regan, 1926 | accepted | senior | original |
Borophryne apogon (non Regan, 1925) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Acentrophryne dolichonema Pietsch & Shimazaki, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |