Teleostei (teleosts) >
Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Terapontidae (Grunters or tigerperches)
Etymology: Bidyanus: A local name, "bidyani" in Australia, New South Wales.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - ? m. Subtropical; 10°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 29°S - 35°S
Oceania: known only from the Murray-Darling River system, Australia. Range boundaries: Chinchilla (on the Condamine River), South Queensland, Bonshaw (on the Dumaresq River), northeastern New South Wales, Albury (on the Murray River), southeastern New South Wales, Seven Creek and Goulburn River, South Victoria.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2906); common length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 44894); max. published weight: 1.5 kg (Ref. 5259)
Adults are found in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, preferring fast-flowing waters of rapids and races and usually forming aggregations near the surface. Usually found below rapids and weirs (Ref. 44894). Feed on aquatic insects, mollusks, earthworms and plants. Temp.: 2-37°C. Maturity: F, 3 y and 34 cm SL; M, 23.3 cm SL. Spawning: summer (Nov.-Jan., 23-30°C water temp.), effect upstream migration. Fecundity: 500000 eggs per 1.8kg. Eggs: pelagic, 2.7-2.8 mm diameter. Hatching: 30 hrs at 26-27°C. Larvae: 3.6 mm at hatching. A good angling and food fish which has been increasingly utilized as an aquaculture species in farm dams throughout Australia (Ref. 44894).
Upstream spawning migration in summer to areas behind the peak of the flood. Spawning commences late in the afternoon from the surface to a depth of about 4 m, where there is a flow over a gravel, rock rubble substrate. Considerable spawning activity happens at the water surface. A single female circles slowly to the surface with her head deep and several males participate in courtship and finally in fertilization (Ref. 2906).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00638 - 0.04320), b=2.99 (2.76 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2-3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
