Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 138 - 800 m (Ref. 42080). Deep-water
Pacific Ocean: Japan (Ref. 559), Indonesia (Ref. 5978), Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 559), Chile (Ref. 9068).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 559)
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 11. Lower jaw included under closed mouth. Maxillary reaches a vertical from middle of eye. Supra- or suborbital ridge with a series of small spines. Anal fin without a spine.
A deep sea species (Ref. 559). Benthic on sand (Ref. 58302).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2 - 17.6, mean 12 °C (based on 260 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).