Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; non-migratory; depth range 0 - 5 m (Ref. 6205). Tropical; 27°N - 30°S, 33°E - 148°E (Ref. 6205)
Indo-Pacific: South Africa, northward to Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, northern New Guinea, Thailand, Philippines, and Taiwan. Not recorded from southern New Guinea or Australia.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6205)
Dorsal spines (total): 12 - 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20 - 21; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 22 - 23; Vertebrae: 35. The first ray of the pelvic fin is modified into a laterally compressed thickened club-like structure. The swim bladder is reduced in size. There is no duct-like process from the ventral surface to the urogenital aperture.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Inhabit shallow coastal waters (Ref. 6205). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Marketed fresh (Ref. 6205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
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