Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
鱵科 (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 亞熱帶的
Western Indian Ocean: coastal waters and estuaries of South Africa, from Cape of Good Hope east and north to False Bay, Natal and St. Lucia coast of North Zululand (Ref. 6798); and to Lake Piti in southern Mozambique (Ref. 4164).
西印度洋: 向東方的好望角而且北至佛斯海灣, 納塔爾與北方祖魯蘭的聖露西雅海岸; 對在莫三比克南部中的湖 Piti.(參考文獻 4164)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4164)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14 - 17; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 16.
Found in coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 4164, 5213), also enters freshwater (Ref. 6798).
棲息於沿岸水域與河口。 (參考文獻 5213) 進入淡水。 (參考文獻 6798)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西印度洋: 向東方的好望角而且北至佛斯海灣, 納塔爾與北方祖魯蘭的聖露西雅海岸; 對在莫三比克南部中的湖 Piti.(參考文獻 4164)
Collette, B.B., 1986. Hemiramphidae. p. 163-164. In J. Daget, J.P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6798)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.9 - 26.3, mean 24.9 °C (based on 28 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00115 - 0.00574), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
