Classification / Names
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Characiformes (Characins) >
Characidae (Characins; tetras) > Stethaprioninae
Etymology: Hemigrammus: Greek, hemi = half + Greek, gramma = letter, signal (Ref. 45335); yinyang: Derived from the ancient Taoistic Chinese philosophy and religion, describing two primal opposing but complementary principles said to be found in all non-static objects and processes in the universe. Yin, in Chinese, originally meant "sunless", as the northern side of a mountain, and as a concept evolved to embody the dark, passive, feminine element, corresponding to the night, the winter, the water, and the earth. Yang originally meant "sunny", as the southern side of a mountain, and it came to embody the bright, active, masculine element, corresponding to the day, the summer, the air and the fire. All forces in nature are expressions of yin and yang states. It is in their complementarity that balance is given to the universe. The new species is named in allusion to its complementary orange and black humeral blotches, which are reminiscent of the Taiji diagram, the pictorial representation of the state of undifferentiated absolute, encompassing both the yin and yang qualities (Ref. 82434).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical
South America: known only from tributaries of the middle rio Tiquie, a tributary of the rio Uaupes, upper rio Negro basin, Amazonas state, Brazil
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 2.9 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 82434)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Anal soft rays: 19 - 23; Vertebrae: 33 - 34. Distinguished from all other species of the genus Hemigrammus by having (in life) an orange blotch, located between two dark humeral blotches, immediately ahead and slightly above the posterior, darker second humeral blotch. Differs further from all congeners, except Hemigrammus haraldi, Hemigrammus luelingi, Hemigrammus neptunus, Hemigrammus ocellifer, Hemigrammus pretoensis, and Hemigrammus pulcher, by the possession of two humeral blotches. Diagnosed from all these species by the absence of a blotch on the caudal peduncle (vs. caudal peduncle blotch present).
Caught in moderately large (2-6 m wide) streams, with clear water, carrying little suspended sediment. Also collected from dark-colored waters or muddy, silt-laden waters (Ref. 82434).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Lima, F.C.T. and L.M. Sousa, 2009. A new species of Hemigrammus from the upper rio Negro basin, Brazil, with comments on the presence and arrangement of anal-fin hooks in Hemigrammus and related genera (Ostariophysi:Characiformes:Characidae). aqua, Int. J. Ichthyol. 15(3):153-168. (Ref. 82434)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00671 - 0.02974), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
