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Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronichthyinae
Etymology: Pleuronichthys: Greek, pleura = side, ribe Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Girard.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 9331), usually 1 - 20 m (Ref. 9331). Subtropical; 44°N - 25°N, 125°W - 109°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Cape Mendocino in northern California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico; isolated population in the Gulf of California.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref. 72462)

Occur on muddy or sandy bottoms, often in bays and sloughs. Feed almost totally during daylight (Ref. 9642) on polychaetes and siphons of bivalves (Ref. 9331). Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 April 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: of no interest

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
Ecology

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Life cycle
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Anatomy
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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 12.7 - 22.9, mean 20.9 °C (based on 34 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00676 - 0.04074), b=3.01 (2.80 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2.5; tmax=8).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

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