Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 200 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 200 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 73°N - 46°N, 25°W - 25°E
Northeast Atlantic: off Iceland and from Murman coast to Bay of Biscay.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4703)
Rough scales on both sides. Dorsal fin origin above upper eye. Pelvic and anal fins not used (Ref. 35388).
Occurs on rocky bottoms between 10 and 180 m. Feeds on small fish and invertebrates (Ref. 4703). Spawns in April - July (Ref. 35388).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Nielsen, J.G., 1986. Scophthalmidae. p. 1287-1293. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4703)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.3 - 12.5, mean 10 °C (based on 1188 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00607 - 0.01808), b=3.00 (2.85 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63 [25, 118] mg/100g; Iron = 0.304 [0.117, 0.669] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.9, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.454 [0.192, 1.076] g/100g; Selenium = 12.3 [5.1, 30.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28 [5, 143] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.604 [0.363, 0.985] mg/100g (wet weight);