Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 180 m (Ref. 9563). Temperate
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to southern Australia, from southern Western Australia to Victoria, including Tasmania.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9563)
A schooling species found over rocky reefs (Ref. 9563).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell, 1986. Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. (Ref. 9563)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.1 - 19.5, mean 16.6 °C (based on 187 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 50.4 [27.1, 129.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.464 [0.239, 0.949] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.4, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.695 [0.372, 1.295] g/100g; Selenium = 13.1 [6.3, 29.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.4 [7.3, 116.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.65 [0.44, 0.98] mg/100g (wet weight);