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Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847

Round sardinella
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Sardinella aurita   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Sardinella aurita (Round sardinella)
Sardinella aurita
Picture by Luyben, J.

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Sardinella: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia; diminutive (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 0 - 350 m (Ref. 188). Subtropical; 18°C - 25°C (Ref. 2945); 47°N - 40°S, 98°W - 43°E (Ref. 54867)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Atlantic Ocean: West African coast (Ref. 2849, 3509, 5286, 121197) from Gibraltar southward to Saldanha Bay in South Africa (Ref. 188, 81269, 81631), especially in the three West African upwelling areas, from Mauritania to Guinea, from Côte d'Ivoire to Ghana and from Gabon to Angola (Ref. 121197); also in Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 188, 6683, 81631) and Black Sea (Ref. 188, 6683). In western Atlantic Ocean from Cape Cod in USA to Argentina (Ref. 188, 5286), including Bahamas, Antilles, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean coast (Ref. 26938).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: Lm 18.8, range 13 - 25 cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 825); common length : 25.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 188); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 420.00 g (Ref. 86940); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 7 वर्षो (Ref. 839)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 17 - 20; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 16 - 18; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 47 - 49. Diagnosis: Body elongate, usually subcylindrical, but sometimes a little compressed; belly rather rounded, but with a distinct keel of scutes; lower gillrakers fine and numerous, more than 80; anterior gillrakers on lower limbs of second and third gill arches lying more or less flat (Ref. 188, 2945, 81269, 81631). Flanks silvery, with a faint golden midlateral line, preceded by a faint golden spot behind gill opening; a distinct black spot at hind border of gill cover (Ref. 188). The pelvic finray count of 1 unbranched and 8 branched rays distinguishes Sardinella aurita from all other species of Sardinella, also Harengula, Opisthonema, Herklotsichthys and Amblygaster, that occur with it (Ref. 188). It resembles Clupea, but has two fleshy outgrowths along outer margin of gill opening and numerous fine fronto-parietal striae on top of head (Ref. 188).

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

A coastal, pelagic, species preferring clear saline waters, usually with maximum temperatures below 24°C (Ref. 27121). Found inshore and near surface to edge of shelf and down to 350m, or perhaps even deeper; schooling and strongly migratory, often rising to surface at night and dispersing (Ref. 188, 6683). It is a cold water species, temperatures between 18-25°C, approaching the coast and shoaling near the surface in the period of upwelling, but retreating below the thermocline in the hot season, down to depths of 200 to 300m (Ref. 2945, 3259). It feeds mainly on zooplankton, especially copepods and larvae of mysids, but also some phytoplankton, especially by juveniles (Ref. 188, 27121, 86940). It breeds perhaps at all times of the year, but with distinct peaks; the breeding pattern is extremely complex, with two principal spawning periods in some areas (Ref. 188). There is no spawning in Black Sea (Ref. 6683). The juveniles tend to stay in nursery areas, but on maturity rejoin adult stocks in the colder offshore waters (Ref. 188). Trematode found in intestinal tract (Ref. 37032).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

The breeding pattern is extremely complex, with two principal spawning periods in some areas (linked with upwelling regimes off west Africa).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य; ठहराव / प्रलोभन: usually
FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

Anatomy
Gill areas
दिमाग
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
मत्स्य आवाज़े
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Human related
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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.3 - 26.3, mean 18.8 °C (based on 552 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00630 - 0.00834), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.5 (2.1 - 3.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 31 growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179):  ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=0.25-1.2; tm=1; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.65, 95% CL = 0.43 - 0.98, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low vulnerability (7 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 89 [50, 191] mg/100g; Iron = 1.46 [0.87, 2.44] mg/100g; Protein = 21.6 [20.9, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.541 [0.271, 1.052] g/100g; Selenium = 63.2 [32.8, 112.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.1 [4.2, 39.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.656 [0.490, 0.983] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.