| Main Ref. | Poss, S.G. and W.N. Eschmeyer, 1980 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Body densely covered with modified scales which form spinous points; depth less than 1/3 SL.. Lachrymal with 3 strong sharp spines, the first of moderate size , points mostly forward, continuous with ridge at base of larger 2nd spine (about equal in length to 3rd), directed downward, slightly curved; 3rd spine points mostly back. Second infraorbital bone with 2 spines, 1 above other, with obscure circular lateral line pore. Interorbit with nearly parallel ridges, stronger posteriorly (Ref. 35984, 39602). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | 9 - 10 |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | 6 - 8 |
| on upper limb | 3 - 4 |
| total | 10 - 12 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 27 - 28 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 14 - 14 |
| Soft-rays total | 8 - 9 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes | more or less truncate; more or less normal |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 1 - 1 |
| Soft-rays total | 10 - 10 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 14 - 14 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position thoracic behind origin of D1 | |
| Spines 1 | |
| Soft-rays 3 - 3 |