Psilorhynchus kaladanensis is a member of the P. balitora species group and can be distinguished by having a greatly reduced anteriormost branchiostegal ray and a post-epiphysial fontanelle that is smaller than the preepiphysial fontanelle. It differs from all other species of the P. balitora species group in having the following combination of characters: caudal fin with small but distinct dark brown triangular spot at mid-base; slightly elongated dark mark near base of lower lobe; indistinct V-shaped vertical bar across center, dark brown oblique bar across fin anterior to center; 5-6 unbranched pectoral-fin rays; 10+9 principal caudal-fin rays; 30-32 scales on lateral line; 3 branchiostegal rays; 32-33 total vertebrae; no scales on mid-ventral region between pectoral fins; no larger scales at pelvic-fin origin (Ref. 102605).