Parachiloglanis hodgarti is distinguished from its only congener P. bhutanensis by having lateral-line pores greatly reduced or absent (vs. 35-40 large lateral-line pores running the length of the body from the posterior edge of the head to the caudal base), shorter adipose fin height 2.2-4.3% SL (vs. 4.2-4.6% SL, large fleshy adipose fin), shallower head depth 36-45% HL (vs. 47-59% HL), shorter inner- and outer-mandibular barbels (5.2-11.0% HL vs. 11.0-16.5% HL, and 14.2-23.6% HL vs. 23.9-31.8% HL, respectively), indented to lunate caudal fin (vs. truncate), and presence of black and white markings on caudal fin (vs. absence) (Ref. 97387).