Main Ref. | Springer, V.G., 1988 |
Appearance refers to | |
Bones in OsteoBase |
Specialized organs | |
Different appearance | |
Different colors | |
Remarks |
Striking features | |
Body shape lateral | elongated |
Cross section | oval |
Dorsal head profile | |
Type of eyes | |
Type of mouth/snout | |
Position of mouth | |
Type of scales | |
Diagnosis |
Dorsal fin X-XIII (typically XII), 18-21 (rarely 21), spinous and segmented-ray portions continuous. Anal fin II,17-22 (typically 19-21). Pectoral fin 14-16 (typically 15). Segmented caudal-fin rays 13 or 14 (rarely 14). Vertebrae 10 or 11 (rarely 10) + 23-26 (rarely 23) = 34 to 37 (rarely 34). Dentary incisor teeth which includes anterior canines very similar in appearance with incisors, 40-53 (rarely < 44); posterior canines 0 or 1(usually 1) on each side. Lateral line lacking vertical pairs of pores, extending posteriorly to point between verticals from 8th and 12th from anterior most dorsal-fin spine (usually past vertical from 8th). With cirrus on posterior rim of anterior nostril; absent on anterior rim. Body coloration of 3 basic color patterns: uniformly brown, dark-brown or black but pigmentless posterior of dark caudal fin base, or generally brownish with darker stripe along dorsal area. |
Ease of Identification |
Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
Scales on lateral line | |
Pored lateral line scales | |
Scales in lateral series | |
Scale rows above lateral line | |
Scale rows below lateral line | |
Scales around caudal peduncle | |
Barbels | |
Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
Gill rakers | |
on lower limb | |
on upper limb | |
total | |
Vertebrae | |
preanal | |
total | 34 - 37 |
Attributes | extending over most of the back length |
Fins number | 1 |
Finlets No. | Dorsal |
Ventral | |
Spines total | 10 - 13 |
Soft-rays total | 18 - 21 |
Adipose fin | absent |
Attributes | more or less truncate |
Fins number | 1 |
Spines total | 2 - 2 |
Soft-rays total | 17 - 22 |
Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
Spines 0 | |
Soft-rays 14 - 16 | |
Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
Position jugular | |
Spines | |
Soft-rays |