| Main Ref. | Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks | Presence of small nuptial tubercles on upper surface of head and inner surface of pectoral fin in ripe males; pectoral and pelvic fins longer in males than in females (Ref. 59043). |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | sub-terminal/inferior |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Diagnosed from its congeners by the possession of the following characters: distance between pelvic and anal origins short, 54-65% of distance between pectoral and pelvic origins; snout stout, markedly rounded, mouth terminal; all scales deeply embedded in skin; skin markedly thickened and folded in adults, especially during spawning season when most scales are not distinct; lateral line scales more or less widely separated from each other, larger than body scales; body scales roundish or irregular, very small, widely separated, missing in pre-pelvic area and immediately behind head; lateral line broadly interrupted, ending from behind pectoral to above anal base, usually 20-40 pored scales (Ref. 59043). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | 12 - 48 |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | 10 - 12 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 20 - 22 |
| total | 38 - 39 |
| Attributes | no striking attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes | forked |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position abdominal | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |