Common names from other countries
分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 409 m (Ref. 56504). 亞熱帶的; 62°N - 14°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Western Norway, English Channel (rare in North Sea) to Dakar, Senegal and the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
東大西洋: 西方挪威, 到達喀爾, 塞內加爾與加納利群島的英倫海峽 (稀有的在北海), 包括地中海與黑海。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 16.1, range 15 - 26 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4845); 最大体重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年龄: 11 年 (Ref. 92286)
Head is less steep. Barbels longer than pectoral fin. Body with longitudinal red and brown stripes. First dorsal fin with dark markings (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
头部是比较不陡峭。 触须长度超过胸鳍。 身体有纵向的红色与褐色斑纹。 第一背鳍有深色斑纹。 (参考文献 35388)
Adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 07313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes. Spawning occurs from May to July, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4845). Marketed fresh and frozen for steaming, pan-frying, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).
生活于断掉的与粗燥的底部也在深度小于 100 公尺发现在沙子与软质底部上面了。 来自 5- 的深度范围 60 公尺 (参考文献 07313) 与从 305-409 公尺在爱奥尼亚的海洋东部中.(参考文献 56504) 吃底栖的生物例如虾与片脚类动物，多毛类动物，软件动物与底栖的鱼。 从五月到七月, 卵产卵，而且仔鱼是大洋性的。 (参考文献 4845) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻为蒸, 煎的, 烧与烤.(参考文献 9988)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A determinate spawner (Ref. 41706).東大西洋: 西方挪威, 到達喀爾, 塞內加爾與加納利群島的英倫海峽 (稀有的在北海), 包括地中海與黑海。
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 7 - 16.1, mean 10.2 °C (based on 549 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00838 - 0.00993), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 (2.2 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.1-0.7; tm=2; tmax=11).
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
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气候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 70.8 [39.2, 146.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.173, 1.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.2, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.529, 1.298] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [10.9, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.3, 54.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.228 [0.152, 0.506] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
