A coastal-pelagic, semi-oceanic shark occurring over continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water, often approaching close inshore and entering enclosed bays and estuaries (Ref. 244, 11230, 58302). Found in inshore and offshore waters to about 275 m depth (Ref. 26938, 11230, 58302); has been filmed at a baited camera in 512 m depth (Lis Maclaren, pers. comm. 2005). Huge schools of small migrating individuals move pole ward in the summer in certain areas (Ref. 244). Permanent resident populations also exist (Ref. 244). Juveniles occur in coastal areas (Ref. 58784). Adults solitary, in pairs, or schools; young in large schools (Ref. 13562). Feed mainly on teleost fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 6871), also lobsters, shrimps, crabs (Ref. 30573), including other sharks and rays (Ref. 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Mature females produce 15-31, of 43-55 cm young in a litter (Ref. 26938, 1602). Considered potentially dangerous to people but often not aggressive when approached by divers (Ref. 13562). Readily available to inshore artisanal and small commercial fisheries as well as to offshore operations (Ref. 13562). Sold fresh, dried-salted, smoked and frozen; also sought for its fins and hides (Ref. 9987). Oil used for vitamins and carcasses for fishmeal (Ref. 13562). Maximum depth from Ref. 125614.
沿岸及大洋性, 半-大洋性的鯊魚，出現大陸棚與島嶼棚之上與毗連的深水域, 時常接近近岸而且進入封閉的海灣與河口.(參考文獻 244,11230,58302) 發現於.近岸與外海水域到大約 275 公尺深;(參考文獻 26938,11230,58302) 已經在 512 公尺深中的一台被以餌引誘的相機被薄膜 (李 Maclaren ， pers. Comm。 2005)。 小的移動個體移動桿的極大魚群在特定的區域中守護夏天時。 (參考文獻 244) 永久的定居族群也存在。 (參考文獻 244) 成魚獨居性, 成對, 或魚群; 幼魚在大群魚群。 (參考文獻 13562) 主要吃硬骨魚與頭足類動物 (參考文獻 6871), 也龍蝦，蝦，螃蟹 (參考文獻 30573), 包括其他的鯊魚與魟.(參考文獻 37816) 胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 生產品 15-31, 43-55 公分幼魚在一胎。 (參考文獻 26938,1602) 被認為是對人類可能有危險性但是時常不侵略性當潛水者接近的時候.(參考文獻 13562) 輕易有用到近海魚民與小的商業漁場以及對外海手術.(參考文獻 13562) 生鮮販賣., 乾燥鹽醃, 煙燻.與冷凍的; 也尋找.它的鰭與皮。 (參考文獻 9987) 油用來.維他命與殘骸用於魚粉。 (參考文獻 13562)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 18.7 - 29, mean 27.2 (based on 2890 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5029 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00281 - 0.00449), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.028; K=0.05-0.24; tm=3-15; tmax=41.6; Fec=13-23).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.09, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
